serene =

WORD POWER!

WE TEST 5 FEATURE-PACKED WINDOWS WORD PROCESSORS PLUS! TOP 10 MACROS FOR

~ WORDPERFECT FOR WINDOWS - WORD FOR WINDOWS

_ WORDPERFECT FOR DOS

MULTIMEDIA! —

~ CUTTING-EDGE ENTERTAINMENT . SUPER PC SOUND

.. INSTANT CD-ROM LIBRARY MORE HOT STUFF!

_ CHARLES GIVENS EXCLUSIVE

_ LANS AT HOME

_ ONLINE GETS EASIER

" PICK THE BEST LAPTOP-A BASIC GUE :

ete tn ee eee a

“Citizen's Notebook Printer. It also fits in your briefcase.

Callahan knows that a successful business often uses teamwork to make the sale. So he goes where the customers are, and he makes points. His teammate is the Citizen Notebook Printer. It's an exercise in good business: laser-quality output, 2.5 pounds, rechargeable power. Anytime. Anyplace.

For more information call 1-800-4-PRINTERS.

Circle Reader Service Number 166

64/128 VIEW

Mad Man Software is a new company with

a new adventure game for the 64. Its average

playing time is between 200 and 400 hours.

Tom Netsel

he rat looked as big as

a Volkswagen, and it

was charging straight at

our hero. Outrunning such a creature was impos- sible. His only chance was to stand and fight, a pitifully small sword his only weap- on. He drew it and took a swing at the rampaging ro- dent. Would the rat engulf him, or would his puny blow strike home?

As we held our breaths awaiting the outcome, it took a minute before we re- alized that nothing had hap- pened. The rat was still there, our hero was still there, but the screen had fro- zen, Our first encounter with the game's first monster, and the program locked up. This was one of those embar- rassing moments that can oc- cur when a software repre- sentative demonstrates his company's latest product.

Reboot. Try again. Same thing. Groan! | was feeling sorry for Gene Barker. He's a recent graduate from the Colorado School of Mines who'd flown to North Caroli- na from Colorado to show the Gazette staff Messiah III: Nemisis, an adventure game for the 64 that he's been developing for almost six years. Now, when the game's lead character aims his first blow at the very first monster, years of program- ming grind to a halt.

Wait a minute! This 128 has a defective SID chip, and the program relies on one of the computer's voic- es to generate random num- bers to help decide a bat- tle’s outcome. The pro- gram's in a loop, waiting for a random number to ap- pear, and that chip is as si- lent as Harpo Marx! We

could be here until Godzilla comes home. Let's go down the hall and try anoth- er machine.

As | said, when someone comes all this way to demon- strate a major new release for the 64, you want things to go well. After all, there's not exactly a flood of new ti- tles sweeping that market these days. In fact, it would take a madman to start a new company aimed at de- veloping software for that vet- eran market. And that's just what Barker and ten associ- ates have done. Their com- pany is called Mad Man Soft- ware (7610 West 5th Ave- nue, Suite 200, Lakewood, Colorado). For the past year, they've been polishing Barker's game, and Messiah III should be ready by this fall or Christmas.

Messiah Ill is no light- weight arcade adventure, as we saw when we ran it on another machine. We were treated to a richly de-

tailed adventure game that's the first of a six-game saga. Messiah Ill, which

should sell for around $60, consists of more than one megabyte of code. That's six disk sides. Disk access times have been reduced, however, so that the longest load should take no more than 12 seconds.

While we await the final version for review, Barker esti- mates the average playing time will take between 200 and 400 hours. When many new games are measured in megabytes, Barker doesn't feel the 64's memo- ry constraints have placed limits on his creativity. “It’s the game's design which dic- tates its power,” he says, “not the machine.” a]

GAZETTE

64/128 VIEW G-1

Anybody who'd start a new company based on a new adventure game for the 64 must be a madman, but that's just what Gene Barker and friends have done. By Tom Netsel.

FEEDBACK

Questions and comments from our readers.

THE SMALLER, THE BETTER

For large storage capacity in a small package, check out the 1581. It's the great big drive

in the little beige box.

By George Gunn.

REVIEWS Chip's Challenge, Perfect Print, Predator 2.

BEGINNER BASIC G-18

Joystick ports usually handle input devices, but here's a way to reverse the data flow. By Larry Cotton.

MACHINE LANGUAGE

The stack works so well by itself that many programmers simply ignore it. By Jim Butterfield.

GEOS

Check out deskTop alternatives. By Steve Vander Ark.

D’IVERSIONS G-24

Can multimedia be a springboard to immortality? By Fred D'Ignazio.

G-2

G-4

G-12

G-20

G-22

PROGRAMS

Pop-Up G-25 Mimic 128 G-28 SpeedPurge G-29 Alphabetizer G-30 Duplicate 1541 G-31 Railroad Solitaire G-32 128 Graphic Dump G-34 Quiz Wiz G-35 MLX G-38

JULY 1992 COMPUTE

GA

answers about time,

word processors,

modems, programming languages, and MIDI

G-2

COMPUTE JULY 1992

FEEDBACK

INPUT Time

Is there a way to change the value of TIS by using an IN- PUT statement from within a BASIC program?

KARL ROSEMANN

DENVER, CO

Try the following line in your program. It should do the trick nicely.

10 INPUT “NEW TIME”; TI$

When the program runs and you see the INPUT prompt, en- ter your response with six dig- its in an HHMMSS format. HH equals hours, MM equals min- utes, and SS equals seconds. For example, 123456 will set TI$ to read 12:34:56. If you en- ter more or fewer digits, you'll get an ILLEGAL QUANTITY message. If the number is greater than 23:59:59, the clock resets to 00:00:00.

Bug-Swatter The ending address of File Lord (May 1992) is incorrect. The correct address is 14C0. This affects MLX only and not the File Lord program. We pre- pared the listing after the doc- umentation, and it was then that we noticed how long the program was. To make it eas- ier to type in, we compressed the program with Mega- Squeeze but neglected to change the ending address. The compression program may have affected the way the program starts. If you type RUN and get a READY message, simply type RUN again, and File Lord should start. The program on Ga- zette Disk wasn't affected.

80-Column Word Processor Is there a word processor for the 64 that has a true 80-col- umn screen? | am looking for one that's like the 128 or IBM, not a 40-column screen such as GEOS, which scrolls to re- veal 80 columns. | am not look-

ing for one that simply has a preview screen either. Is there one that exists with this feature?

JON PERSINGER INDIANAPOLIS, IN

You might try Script 64, pub- lished by Richvale Telecommu- nications of Canada. To the best of my knowledge, howev- er, that company is no longer in business. You might locate a used copy of the program for about $9 at Bare Bones Software, 940 4th Avenue, Suite 222, Huntington, West Virginia 25701, (800) 638- 1123. Call or write for a free catalogue of used 64 and 128 software. They also carry Amiga products. Supplies are limited, so check with the com- pany before ordering.

Modem Woes

| have a 64 with an Aprotek 12C modem used as a Volks 6480. | would like to play mo- dem games with a friend, but | need the originate and an- swer codes that will corre- spond with my friend's Com- modore 1670 modem. | can't find this information in the man- ual. Can you supply me with these codes?

MARTIN BOUTIN LONGUEUIL, PQ. CANADA

Your modem, which can be used as a Volks 6480, is no longer in production, but you should have no problem us- ing it to connect with your friend. It requires no special originate or answer codes or settings. It's Hayes compati- ble in that it supports automat- ic answering (ATA) and auto- matic dialing (ATDT) com- mands, just as your friend's 1670 does. You should be able to contact each other just as easily as you can con- nect with a local BBS.

Check the terminal or game software you're using

for requirements specific to that program. It may require manual dialing or answering. Also check the echo or du- plex modes to make sure you both can see what each of you is typing. If you still think the modem is at fault, call Aprotek’s service department at (503) 582-2118 from 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Pacific time on weekdays.

Pascal Wanted

| am currently taking a course in Pascal at high school, using Turbo Pascal on a Macintosh. | have a 64 at home, and | would like to use Pascal with it. Is there such a compiler and where can | obtain it?

MIKE SMITH CRYSTAL, MN

Contact Abacus, 5370 52nd Street SE, Grand Rapids, Mich- igan; (800) 451-4319, and ask about Super Pascal 64 ($19.95). It implements the full Jensen & Wirth compiler plus extensions for graphics. It has a complete source file editor, a full assembler, and a utility package.

MIDI Info | am interested in music and would like to get into MIDI. Is there a MIDI system available for the 64?

EDNA WILLIAMS BRIDGEPORT, CT

Contact Dr. T’s Music Soft- ware, 100 Crescent Road, Needham, Massachusetts 02194; (617) 455-1454, and ask for its free catalog of MIDI hardware and software. Dr. T offers a 64 MIDI starter pack that includes its Key- board Controlled Sequencer, a MIDI interface, and two MIDI cables for $180. A ver- sion for the 128 retails for $275. You'll have to supply your own MIDI keyboard or other MIDI instrument. o

Amiga 500 Com

Basic Package

TENEX Super Graphics Pack

:X Power Pack Amiga 500 Basic Packoge Plus 3 Great Value Packages! TNE Amiga 500 Basic Package sees 10845 Stereo Monitor Software Bundle cal : “software Bundle #1 TENEX Bonus Pack ‘Software Bundle #2 & Joystick “goftwore Bundle #2 & Joystick # Amiga 500 Basic Package *1V Adapter STENEX 500 Memory Expansion ‘Software Bundle #1 TENEX 800 Memory Expansion ie ter ; . TV Adapt $454.75 Total at Reg. Price nice $669.00 $364.85 Low TENEX Package Pric Total at Reg. Price $54.80 More!

Total at Reg. Price 95 Sav ow TENEX Package Price $377: bee

Low TENEX Package Price ei pave Te You Save $70.75 More!

You Save

Commodore 64

Commodore-Ready Printer Jrom Star At An Incredible Price!

$] 19”

NX-1000C, E euneor etter Quality at 36 cps and high- Paper Sones anaien ae ee i Be front panel controls, | deencaltall . Includes four built-i RE fonts and over 20 typestyles, This Eat - as | Cone eas :

Commodore-read\ i i Just plug it in and de TSION of the NX-1000. j i tional interfaces or Soe eS adc OTHER STAR PRINTERS Dik DIMg

z . Sug. Retail NX-1000C Printer 73060 al PEED NX-1001 Multi-Font 90895 Onl Ribbon (NX SPECIAL! $119.95 | NX-2420 Rainbow ps0 35 7 Ribbon (NX-1000C) 75471 $5.95 NX-1020 Rainbow A21047 $284.95 $ 95 77789 $8.95 LaserPrinter 4 tenes ee 169 .00

Don’t miss out on the lowest prices on the Amiga 500, plus a full line of Commodore and Amiga hardware, software, and accessories.

Call today to receive your FREE catalog with the greatest prices on the most popular hardware and software!

Shipping, Handling, Insurance Order Amount Charge less than $19.99 $4.95 $20.00-$39.99 $5.95 $40.00-$74.99 $6.95 srs onsee 7 $7.95 = = Beads 100.00-$149.99 $9.95, Co pilter f ©; $150.00-$299.99 $10.95 ] Japs ; Be = $300.00-$499.00 $12.95 : 2 $500.00-$699.99 $19.95

‘der $700.00-$999.99 $27.95

R, THE

fee ed aaa | a ier Fe == [eae

FOR GREATER STORAGE CAPACITY IN A SMALLER PACKAGE, THE 1581 IS THE BIG DRIVE IN THE LITTLE BEIGE BOX.

BY GEORGE GUNN

he 1581 drive is a great piece of

hardware for anyone who owns

a 64 or 128, and it's also compat-

ible with Plus/4, Commodore 16, and VIC 20. The 1581 is smaller than ei- ther the 1541 or 1571, yet it stores much more data on its disks. The 1581's 3¥%-inch disk holds nearly a megabyte of information (808,960 bytes). After formatting, 3,160 blocks are available to the user, with 40 blocks reserved for the disk's main di- rectory. On a 1541, this would be equiv- alent to 4% floppies, each with 664 available blocks!

Having all this space makes it pos- sible to store a huge number of files on one disk, but the directory scrolls off the screen if you have more than 22 files. This can make file management particularly difficult.

For this reason, the 1581 has a fea- ture known as partitions. A partition is a space on a disk which the user sets aside for special use. For all intents and purposes, each partition is seen by the computer as a separate disk. Within the limits of certain parameters, you can create numerous partitions on each disk, with each partition contain- ing whatever files you wish. Each par- tition can also have its own directory. You can even store files with the same filename on the same disk, because the computer thinks each partition is a separate disk drive.

Logical Disk Organization

When creating partitions, it's helpful to remember the 1581's logical disk organ- ization. Although each 1581 disk is double-sided, the computer sees it as single-sided, with 80 tracks per disk (numbered 1-80) and 40 sectors (or blocks) per track (numbered 0-39).

It might be helpful to think of a for- matted disk as consisting of a series of concentric circles. Each circle is a track, and each track is divided into sev- eral sectors.

Each partition must consist of one or more complete tracks; thus, a partition must be a multiple of 40 sectors in length and must begin on sector 0 of a given track. Remember that track 40 is reserved for the disk's main directory, so tracks 1-39 are available for partition- ing, as are tracks 41-80. A partition may not include or pass over track 40.

Creating Partitions

The commands for creating partitions described in the 1581 user's guide are unwieldy and difficult to understand. Of greater help is the Partition Aid pro- gram on the demo disk that’s supplied with the drive. Through a series of screens and prompts, this program asks for the partition name, beginning

G-6 COMPUTE JULY 1992

track and sector, and total number of blocks you want in the partition. Sup- pose you want to create a partition called Arcade Games and set aside 600 blocks for it. After loading and run- ning Partition Aid on the demo disk, you'd be presented with a screen that lists the following options.

1. SHOW PARTITIONS 2. CREATE PARTITIONS 3. DIRECTORY

4, CHANGE UNIT

5. QUIT

Since we don't have any partitions at this time, you'd skip the first choice. Choosing option 2 would take you to the next screen called Create a Parti- tion. Here you'd see the following in- structions on your screen.

MODIFYING SPEEDSCRIPT

Most people set their 1541 or 1571 as drive 8 and designate the 1581 as drive 9. If you use SpeedScript, which normal- ly uses drive 8, there was formerly no easy way to save your files to drive 9 and use the 1581 as the data storage device. Now there’s a way to alter the pro- gram to access drive 9 instead. This will let you load SpeedScript from a 1541 or 1571 and save data to the 1581. Of course, since SpeedScript is fairly small, you can save this modified version to the 1581 and direct all of its disk com- mands to drive 9. To accomplish this, load a copy of SpeedScript into memory, but don't run it. Then enter the following two lines below in immediate mode.

POKE 4843,9: POKE 4908,9: POKE 5274,9: POKE 5873,9: POKE 5967,9

POKE 6367,9: POKE 6883,9: POKE 7003,9: POKE 7073,9

Then save the modified program to. disk using a unique filename, such as SPEEDSCRIPT9. All disk commands will now access device number 9. You won't be able to switch at will between drive 8 and drive 9 from within SpeedScript, but you can choose to work from whichever version of SpeedScript you wish. If you try to alter such a program, however, be sure you don't alter your only copy of it. Make a backup copy first.

Of course, you must set the switches on the back of your 1581 to the proper combination. If both of your drives are set to the same device number, your sys- tem will lock up.

To set the drive number, turn off your 4581's power and look at the drive from the rear. To set it for drive 8, push both switches to the up position. To set it for drive 9, pull the left switch down and push the right switch up. To set the 1581 to drive 10, set the left switch up and the right one down. Pull both switches to the down position to set it for drive 11.

TO CREATE A SUBDIRECTORY YOUR PARTITION MUST

(1) START ON SECTOR 0

(2) BE AT LEAST 120 BLOCKS

(3) BE A MULTIPLE OF 40 BLOCKS

At the prompt Enter a partition name, you would enter Arcade games.

Next, you're prompted for the begin- ning track. Since track 40 is reserved for the disk’s directory, it may not be used. The partition may begin on any other track on the disk. This prompt ap- pears onscreen as follows.

FIRST TRACK (1-39 or 41-80) 2

We'll begin this partition on the first track of the disk, so we should enter the number 1. Next, you're prompted for the first sector.

FIRST SECTOR (0-39) 2

For practically all purposes this would be 0, so enter O at the prompt.

Finally, you're prompted for the num- ber of blocks you want in the partition. This must be a minimum of 120 and a multiple of 40.

NUMBER OF BLOCKS IN PARTITION ?

We're making a partition of 600 blocks (which, by the way, covers 15 tracks since 600/40=15), so at this prompt we enter the number 600.

After this last prompt, all the neces- sary information has been gathered, and we're taken to a third screen, bear- ing the title Create a Partition. At the top of the screen we see the following message.

CREATING PARTITION: ARCADE GAMES STATUS: 0 OK 0 0

Next, we're asked if we want to make a subdirectory for this partition. For most uses, you'll need a subdirectory, so at the prompt type Yes.

This brings up another prompt ask- ing for a directory name. Here you should type the Partition Name Arcade games.

Finally we are prompted for the famil- iar two-character alphanumeric ID, well known to users of CBM BASIC. Let's number this partition 01.

From this prompt, the drive checks its status and tells us to press a key to continue.

We're then returned to the opening screen, where we may exit by pressing number 5. At this point we have placed a partition of 600 blocks on

CUST SERVICE/TECH SUPPORT RI O 800-782-9 1 1 0 ORDERS AUTOMATIC VOICE/FAX SWITCH ONLY 702-454-7700

COMPUTERS MON-SAT 8AM-6PM PACIFIC TIME TUE-SAT 1PM-5PM PACIFIC TIME

VIDEOFOX VIDEO DIGITIZER

The Tool For Creative Video Buffs Digitize black and white or color pictures

si a A . z @ Digitize any video source including VCR Generate video titles, opening credits, window

@ Digitize either 4, 7 or 13 level grey levels advertising, animation or other small trick movies

@ Menu controled picture brightnes a S i software programs All of these exciting effects are are easy and fun for you to do with inc ides three sade pen deny sot Ware pre our new Videofox software

for total control and editing of digitized images: ‘ . 4 Ae; ~ i ~ DIGIMULTI

™@ Provides 18 special effects such as scrolling, combing, winshield DIGS ONG DICHOS

wiper and spiral mixing

@ Free color filters included for digitizing color @ Mix text, graphics and effecs to produce hundreds of combinations Ree ee eae ere for each @ Independent adjustment of foreground and background colors

@ Page flipping in real time for perfect animation sequences

of the red - green - blue primary colors ONLY $59.95

HANDYSCANNER 64

f ONLY $249.95 The Worlds First Handscanner for the 64!

@ Professional quality super high 400 dots per inch resolution ~ Reads the graphics from any printed document

@ Converts any material to digitized graphics in seconds ~ B/W setting for crisp reprodution of high contrast line art @ Elaborate grey-tone scale digitizes color or black & white photos using 3 built in dithering settings

WEnlarge or reduce 300% to 33% ~ Graphic memory of 640 X 400 standard (640 X 800 with Pagefox module)

® Included software has all the standard functions of a good drawing program

ONLY $299.95

PA GEFOX 3 Easy To Use Editors For Perfect Home Desktop Publishing GRAPHIC EDITOR ~ TEXT EDITOR ~ LAYOUT EDITOR

@ Completely menu driven @ 100Kb storage enlargement module keeps entire page in memory @ Uses proportional mouse or joystick for total control over text, graphics or picture

ONLY $139.95 Ee ee

| Say rea s

ACTION REPLAY V 6.0

THE ULTIMATE UTILITY/BACKUP CARTRIDGE FOR THE C64/128 Allows You To Freeze The Action Of Any Memory Resident Program And Make A Complete Backup To Disk

WARP 25 - The worlds fastest disk serial Turbo MORE UNIQUE FEATURES - Menu driven operation ® Typical backup will reload in under 5 seconds @ Simple operation: Just press a button at any point

No special formats-save directly into Warp mode MH All backups reload WITHOUT cartridge at Warp speed @ Warp Save/Load available straight from BASIC MM Sprite killer; Make yourself invincible-disable collisions RAMLOADER - Loads most commercial originals Ml Freeze HiRez screen & save in Koala & Paddles format

25 times faster than normal! @ Print out any screen in 16 grey scales UNIQUE CODE CRACKER MONITOR - @ 100% compatible with ALL drives and computers @ Full monitor features @ Disk utilities: fast format, directory, list and many other @ See the code in its Frozen state not Reset state commands operated directly from function keys H MIDI 64 -Only $49.99 ADV. MUSIC SYSTEM MAKE THE MOST OF YOUR Full specification MIDI at a realistic price Powerful modular program for creating, editing, MIDI In - MIDI Out - MIDI Thru playing and printing out music ACTION REELAY @ Works with Sampler and Adv. Music System @ Playback thru internal sound or external MIDI GRAPHICS SUPPORT DISK

MIDI CABLES (4 ft. prof. quality) -Only $*8.99 keyboard/synthesiser

FREE cables when you buy MIDI & ADV. MUSIC at same time ll Print music in proper musical notation together View screens in a slide show sequence

@ Add scrolling messages to your saved screens

with lyrics using PRINTER module ; ‘ * DIGITAL SOUND SAMPLER menermusc anoteatatimeinwrten misic Ml niodes seers of saved srenst fl size Only 2 $89.99 format using the EDITOR or via on screen pies Onl 1 5 ‘ THE ADVANCED piano KEYBOARD emulator or via an nly - $19.99 externally connected MIDI keyboard OCP ART STUDIO @ Generate almost unlimited sounds with the SUPERCRUNCHER - ony $9.99 flexible SYNTHESIZER module Turn your Action Replay into a su ful COMPREHENSIVE, USER FRIENDLY ART BLi we ee y play per powertu’ AND DESIGN SOFTWARE Linker joins files to form large compositions program compactor. Reduce programs by up to 50%! Further compact progrms already crunched Only a $29.99 Only = $29.99 by Action Replays compactor

RIO COMPUTERS 44486.00 shipping/nandiing in the continental U.S.: $8.00 - PR, AK, Hl, FPO, APO: $11.00-Canada: Other 800-782-91 1 0

foreign orders call or write for shipping charges: C.0.D. orders add $5.00 to above charges: SPECIFIY 3310 BERWYCK STREET COMPUTER MODEL WITH ORDER: VISAIMC/Checks/Money OrdersiC.0.D. Accepted: Please call for 702-454-7700 urn authorization number or your package wil refused - returns maj subject to a 20% restockin, ms Ss LAS VEGAS, NV 89121 fee after 15 days: Prices subject to change without notice. y ; 2 INNEVADA

Circle Reader Service Number 205

tracks 1 through 15 of the disk. The first track of this partition will be re- served for the partition’s own directory. On the disk’s main (root) directory, the partition will show up as the following.

600 “ARCADE GAMES” CBM Partition from BASIC

The series of prompts in this program makes the process very easy. Of course, you can create partitions from BASIC if you can decipher the follow- ing code given in the user’s manual.

PRINT#file#, ‘/O:partition name,” + CHRS(starting track)+ CHR$(starting sector)+ CHRS(< # of sectors)+ CHR$(> # of sectors)+ “ Q”

Especially confusing are the expres- sions < # of sectors and > # of sectors. Evidently a misprint in the book has placed these two expressions in re- verse order. After much experimenta- tion, I’ve found that they essentially re- fer to the range of sectors contained in the partition. The expression < # of sec- tors should refer to the high number of this range (600 in our example above), and > # of sectors should refer to the bottom of this range (0 in our exam- ple). However, since a CHR$ value may fall only within the range of 0-254, any partitions of more than 254 sectors have to use an adjusted value.

The > and < signs actually refer to the high byte and low byte for a given expression. There's a way to calculate values for partitions greater than 254 sectors. If N equals the number of sec- tors for a partition, the high byte would be represented by INT(N/256). The low byte would be represented by N-(low byte)*256. Thus, for our partition of 600, the high byte is INT(600/256) = 2. The low byte is 600-2*256 = 88. So, to create our partition of 600 blocks, we'd issue the following commands.

OPEN 15,8,15 PRINT#15, “/0:ARCADE GAMES,”+ CHR$(1)+ CHRS$(0)+ CHR$(88)+ CHRS$(2)+ ‘,C”

CHR$(1) refers to the starting track of 1. CHR$(0) refers to the partition's be- ginning sector in track 1. CHR$(88) re- fers to the 600 block partition’s low byte. CHR$(2) refers to the 600 block partition’s high byte.

Another Format

At this point the required blocks have been set aside as a partition, but the partition can't be used yet. It has to be formatted before you can store files in it even though the disk itself has al- ready been formatted. This creates a partition directory (or subdirectory) on

G-8 COMPUTE JULY 1992

the first track of the partition. So, with the disk still in the drive, the new parti- tion is selected by the following line.

PRINT#15, ‘‘/0:ARCADE GAMES”

Then the NEW or HEADER commands are used to format this partition area. En- ter the following line.

PRINT#15,‘‘NO:ARCADE GAMES,01”: CLOSE15

CARTRIDGES

In addition to holding more information, the 1581 loads programs significantly fast- er than the 1541 or 1571. Because of a slightly different DOS than that used ina 1541, the 1581 isn’t compatible with some fast load cartridges. | use the Epyx Fast Load Cartridge with my 1541, but it has to be disabled before | use the 1581. There are a couple of fast load pro- grams for the 1581, and these work quite well.

Recently, | bought a Super Snap- shot cartridge, after reading that it was compatible with the 1581 drive. After us- ing it for a while, I'm very impressed with the performance of this cartridge. Most of its features work quite well with the 1581. The only shortcoming I've found is that its file utility isn’t able to scratch a file from within a partition.

The partition is now ready to be used. We've done in BASIC what the Partition Aid program did for us through a series of easy-to-understand prompts. Files in the partition may now be written to, read from, scratched, re- named, and so on.

If you're interested in constructing your partitions from BASIC rather than using Partition Aid, the following table may prove useful. Consult it for a list of the high byte and low byte values of the given numbers of sectors.

No. of High Low Sectors Byte Byte 120 120 io} 160 160 0 200 200 0 240 240 0 280 24 1 320 64 1 360 104 1 400 144 1 440 184 1 480 224 1 520 8 2 560 48 2 600 88 2 640 128 P34 680 168 2 720 208 2 760 248 2

Partition Management

Now that you have partitions on your disk, how do you make practical use of them? One of the more useful purpos- es for partitions is grouping similar files. For example, on my SpeedScript word processing disk, I've set up one Partition for the word processor itself. | have SpeedScript's accompanying pro- grams and utilities (mail merge, 80- column preview, right margin justified, columns, and so on) in a partition locat- ed at tracks 1-8 (320 blocks). In ad- dition, | have made three other parti- tions out of tracks 9-39 for holding document files. | call. these DOCU- MENTS1 (tracks 9-19), DOCUMENTS2 (tracks 20-29), and DOCUMENTS3 (tracks 30-39)

In each partition, the first track is re- served for a directory of that partition; the rest of the tracks are available for files. This partition directory doesn't show up when the disk’'s main (or root) directory is listed. After the partition has been selected, the computer treats that partition as if it were a disk in itself, and its own directory may be listed. On the disk's main directory, par- tition names are listed like other files, but the three-letter code (PRG, USR, SEQ) for a partition is CBM. Thus, on the word processor disk | described above, the disk’s main directory looks like the following.

320 “SPEEDSCRIPT” CBM 400 “DOCUMENTS1” CBM 360 “DOCUMENTS2” CBM 360 “DOCUMENTS3” CBM 5 “CHANGE UNIT” PRG

51 "1581 FAST LOADER” PRG 1 “1581 PATH” PRG 1255 \CORY.SIi PRG 1651 BLOCKS FREE

The first four items are my partitions, the next four items are utilities | com- monly use with the 1581 drive that are stored on the unpartitioned part of the disk, and the last item lists the blocks still available.

Partition Selection

Once the disk is inserted in the drive, a partition can be selected from BA- SIC. The syntax for selecting a partition follows.

OPEN 15,8,15,‘‘/O:partition name”

Of course, if you're using the 1581 as device 9, you should substitute the num- ber 9 for the 8 in this statement. Once the partition has been selected, you sim- ply work with it as if it were a separate disk of its own, loading, saving, verify- ing, validating, and so on. All of these commands affect only the selected par-

INTRODUCING

COMPUTE of NET

@ About COMPUTE/NET @ Product Ordering

@ Feedback Board

® Coming Events @ Monthly Contest

FIND US ON Q-LINK

Welcome to the grand opening of COMPUTE/NET. A wealth of information awaits you, Back issues of COMPUTE, hard-to-find computer books, super software, dazzling pictures, challenging games, prizes, a complete bulletin board, and much more are here, You can even talk to the editors and authors of the magazine. Lots of surprises are planned, so keep your eyes on us.

FREE Q-LINK STARTER KIT. FREE TIME. ORDER TODAY!

Just call our toll-free number or return the coupon, and we'll send you the Q-Link Starter Kit and software free, waive your first month's membership fee, and credit you with one hour of "Plus" time to try the service. Your $9.95 monthly fee gives you unlimited access to all of our "Basic" services online, including a searchable encyclope- dia, AND one free*hour of "Pius" services. After your free hour, you'll pay only $4.80/hour-just 8 cents per minute—for additional use of the service.

Q-Link is a registered service mark of Quantum Computer Services, Inc.

*Long-distance charges may apply. Surcharges apply if you are a resident of Alaska, Hawaii, or Canada. Allow four to six weeks for delivery.

Call 1-800-782-2278, Ext. 2414 today

O YES! Send me my FREE Q-Link software, waive my first month's membership fee, and credit me with one FREE* hour of Plus time to explore the service and try COMPUTE/NET.

Name Address. City

Home Phone

MAIL TO

8619 Westwood Center Drive Vienna, Virginia 22182-9897

Use of Q-Link requires a VISA, MasterCard, or checking account.

tition, not the rest of the disk.

With the 64, all of the familiar BASIC 2 commands, NEW, COPY, RENAME, SCRATCH, INITIALIZE, and VALI- DATE, which work with the 1541 drive, work with the 1581. If you have a 128, use the BASIC 7.0 commands as with the 1571. A partition’s directory may al- so be listed from within the partition with the standard LOAD “$”,8: LIST.

Rather than using BASIC, | prefer us- ing 1581 Path, a short machine lan- guage program that appeared in the June 1990 Gazette. This one-block pro- gram offers a simplified syntax for se- lecting partitions, loading programs, and moving between partitions.

From within your word processor, it's usually quite easy to move from parti- tion to partition. Most word processors have a command for accessing the disk drive. In SpeedScript, the keypress sequence is Ctrl-A. After press- ing these keys you simply type /parti- tion name and hit Return. If you need to go to the disk's main directory, en- ter Ctrl-A, simply type /, and press Re- turn. This should result in the message 02, partition selected.

Using Different Device Numbers

A potential software problem involves programs that routinely access drive 8. If you're using the 1581 as drive 9,

you'll encounter problems. If you're fa- miliar with machine language monitors or disk sector editors, you may be able to modify such programs to work from drive 9. Most programs use the follow- ing six-byte combination to open a disk file.

AQ 02 A2 08 AO 02

These bytes are the same as the BA- SIC command OPEN 2,8,2. To access other drives in BASIC, substitute the new drive number instead of using 8. The most recently accessed drive num- ber is stored in memory location 186. In machine language, therefore, you'd change the A2 08 to A2 BA so the program would load its files from the drive from which you booted it.

Utilities for the 1581 In addition to 1581 Path, which I've al- ready mentioned, the utilities that come on the demo disk supplied with the 1581 are very good. Also, | have found several Gazette programs worth- while additions to my 1581 library. Check out 1581 FastLoader (Janu- ary 1990). This program provides high- speed data transfers that are up to nine times faster than the standard Ker- nal load routine. It works with both the 64 and 128 and allows you to relocate

the program to nearly any memory lo- cation and to create autoboot files.

Copy 81 (November 1989) allows you to copy any BASIC or machine lan- guage file from the root or a partition of one disk to the root or a partition of an- other disk. It also lets you copy files from the root or partition of one disk to another partition on the same disk.

Another helpful program is 1581 Di- rectory Sorter (July 1989). It sorts your directory entries in both alphabetical and reverse alphabetical order. It also allows you to arrange files manually in any order you want. This utility has the ability to detect whether it's running on a 64 or 128 and whether the 128 is in 40- or 80-column mode. In 128 mode, the program uses fast mode whenever possible. Unfortunately, this program works only on the disk’s main directo- ry, not on a partition’s directory.

Allin all, | highly recommend the 1581 drive to all 64 and 128 users. Its speed and storage capacity are im- mense improvements over the 1541 drive and, to a lesser extent, over the 1571 drive. Rigid-shelled 3%-inch disks are easier to handle and store than vulnerable 5¥%-inch floppies. O

George Gunn is a Commodore owner who lives in Redding, California.

THATS WHY YHey ; PUT ERASERS f ON PENCILS +

G-10 COMPUTE JULY 1992

PUMP UP

YOUR PRODUCTIVITY!

Harness the potential of your, The Carete Gne

rab 64 and 128 with these 2 it Soneae powertul programs.

graphics! Here's what's on it- Get more work out of your 64 and 128 Se eee with these two new disk products from COMPUTE's Gazette — the 1992 Best of Gazette Utilities, and

128 Graphics Compactor, 64 Animator, VDC Graphics, Dissolve 128, Super Slideshow,

; 128 Animator, 1526 PriggScreen, the Gazette Graphics Grab Supratechnic, Medium itsolution Bag! Graphics, Screen Maker’ GAS!64—

The 1992 Best of Special Edition, GAS!128—Special efens Edition.

Gazette Utilities 3

Seize control of your operating

system and your world!

Here's what's on it-MetaBASIC 64, MetaBASIC 128, Quick, Sprint II, Ultrafont+, RAMDisk 64, RAMDisk 128, BASSEM, SciCalc 64, List Formatter, MegaSqueeze.

=] SSS 6 SS = SS SS SS S2. SS SS SS SS SS SS SS ES

___Check or Money Order _ MasterCard _ _ VISA | want to pump up my productivity! Please send me the @ disks checked below at $11.95 each. Credit Card No. Exp. Date

Signature | __The 1992 Best of Gazette Utilities a (Required) _—— The Gazette Graphics Grab Bag Daytime Telephone No. | __ Subtotal Neva | _— Sales Tax (Residents of NC and NY please add appropriate sales tax for your | area. Canadian orders, add 7% goods and services tax.) Address

_—— Shipping and Handling ($2.00 U.S. and Canada, $3.00 surface mail, $5.00 City airmail per disk.)

—— Total Enclosed State/Province ZIP/Postal Code

| | A Mail this coupon to COMPUTE's 1991 Utilities, 324 West Wendover Ave., Ste. 200, L MasterCard and VISA accepted on orders with subtotal over $20. Greensboro, NC 27408.

REVIEWS

CHIP’S CHALLENGE

If you love puzzles, then Chip’s Challenge from Epyx is for you, As the game be- gins, Chip MacCallahan, a re- al nerd, finds out he may be able to join his beloved Me- inda’s computer club, the Bit Busters. However, there's a catch to this offer. He must first complete 144 levels of a maze-like puzzle before he can attain the high- est membership privilege of this very exclusive club. That privilege is to be near Melinda, of course!) Your job is to help Chip complete these levels so he can be close to the love of his life.

The first few levels of Chip’s Challenge are easy. But don’t be fooled; the game gets more challeng- ing as you progress to the higher levels. Each level is slightly more difficult than the previous one, but you have more than one chance to pass a level. For exam- ple, if you get killed by a monster, then you get to try that level again.

Some levels provide hints on what to do; others don’t. From time to time you'll en- counter levels that seem im- possible to pass. Don’t lose sleep over this, though. Af- ter several tries, the game gives you the option of con- tinuing at this level or going to the next. It's best to avoid both of these options, howev- er. Since scores are based on what level you reach and how quickly you pass to the next level of play, restarting or not completing a level on- ly lowers your score.

If you exit the game for any reason, you don’t have to start at the first level. Just remember the code for the level you reached, and you can start again at that point.

G-12 COMPUTE JULY 1992

Each level has different types of puzzles to solve. No matter what obstacles you encounter, you must pass through a blinking exit to go to the next level. You may have to find your way through a maze in a certain amount of time. At another level, you may have to col-

picked up along the way. There are many items to aid you at each level.

Shields are important in that they allow you to walk through fire or even on wa- ter. Cleats prevent you from slipping on ice. Another very useful item is a mag- lf you manage to get

net.

You'll find plenty to keep you busy as you try to complete 144

levels of maze-like puzzles in Chip’s Challenge.

lect a required number of microchips or other items while avoiding creatures that chase you. Some chips and items may be hidden or placed where they aren't easy to find. You'll have to solve a problem or two to get to these items. For exam- ple, walls can appear that were once invisible, or you may have to find a way to cross a castle moat. Sometimes the order of how you try to accomplish a task is vital. At some of the more difficult levels, more than one type of puzzle must be solved at the same time. An information window always displays your level, the amount of time you have remaining to complete that level, the number of chips still to be collected, and the tools or keys you've

one of these, then you have control on force floors. If you can’t get through a colored door, you may need a key of the same color. Colored buttons can also unlock doors for you and some- times either control the move- ments of creatures you may encounter or deactivate bombs. Sometimes these creatures are guarding these keys or items you need. Blocks of dirt help you get across water. Numer- ous teleports jump you to oth- er areas of the puzzle within that same level.

Chip’s Challenge is very easy to learn and play. You use your joystick to control Chip's movements. The man- ual tells you what types of ob- stacles you'll face, but the ex- perience you gain along the way is important, too. As

you progress to higher lev- els, you'll know more of what's expected of you and have a better idea of how to solve a particular puzzle. Thus, what you learn from early levels can help later in the game. For example, you may realize that certain crea- tures move in similar pat- terns or shoving a particular block on the water will help you build a bridge to cross a moat.

The documentation is brief but effective in getting you on your way to solving the 144 levels of puzzles. Af- ter a quick reading, you'll know what to expect and pick up some useful hints. It also provides a list of items and obstacles that you'll en- counter while playing the game.

The graphics and sound for Chip's Challenge were av- erage for the 64. Sometimes | found it was hard to tel what an onscreen item was supposed to be. If you have the manual nearby, most o the items in question can be matched to appropriate items from the list. The game's music gets boring af- ter the first ten levels, so did turn down the volume.

Overall, | rate Chip’s Chal-

lenge highly. This delightfu and interesting one-player game is a lot of fun to play. t'll keep you amused for hours and test your problem- solving skills as well. Chip really wants to join the Bit Busters to be with Me- inda, but he needs your help. Are you up for a real challenge? Chip is anxious- ly waiting for you at level 1! CHRIS SAUCIER

Commodore 64 or 128—$34.95

EPYX

500 Allerton St

Redwood City, CA 94063 (415) 368-3200

Circle Reader Service Number 341

GAZETTE D\SK L/BRARY

VALUE-PACKED SOFTWARE AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

All Gazette disks are menu-driven for ease of use—and they feature complete documentation. Just load and you're ready to go!

SpeedScript $11.95 COMPUTE Publications’ most popular program ever. Powerful word processing package includes SpeedScript for the 64, SpeedScript 128, spelling checkers for both 64 and 128 versions, plus an additional dozen support programs, including mail-merge and word-count utilities.

Gazette Index $7.95 Every article and department from Gazette—July 1983 through December 1989 issues—is indexed: features, games, reviews, programming, “Bug- Swatter,” “Feedback,” and the other columns. Disk features pull-down menus, help screens, superfast searching/sorting capabilities, and much more,

Best Gazette Games $9.95 Best dozen arcade and strategy games ever published in Gazette all on one disk. All games for Commodore 64, Titles: Crossroads I/: Pandemo- nium, Basketball Sam & Ed, Delta War, Heat Seeker, Omicron, Powerball, Q-Bird, Trap, Arcade Volleyball, Mosaic, Power Poker, and Scorpion II.

ae

All 6 DISKS FOR ONLY $49.95!

* Residents of North Carolina and New York add appropriate sales tax. Canadian orders, add 7% goods and services tax.

Gazette’s Power Tools $9.95 Fourteen of the most important utilities for the

64 ever published in Gazette. For serious users. Titles: MetaBASIC, Disk Rapid Transit, Mob Maker, Ultrafont+, Quick!, Disk Editor, Basically Music, PrintScreen, 1526 PrintScreen, Fast Assembler, Smart Disassembler, Comparator, Sprint Il, and Turbo Format,

The GEOS Collection $11.95 Gazette's best 13 programs for GEOS and GEOS 128 users. Selection includes utilities, applications, and games. Titles: Super Printer Driver, Skeet, File Saver, Help Pad, Word Count, Directory Printer, Quick Clock, SlideShow, File Retriever, Screen Dumper, Font Grabber, GeoPuzzle, and GeoConverter.

128 Classics $11.95 Thirteen of Gazette’s best 128 programs, including utilities, games, and applications. Titles: MetaBASIC 128, RAMDisk 128, 80-Column Disk Sector Editor, MultiSort, Block Out, Miami Ice,

The Animals’ Show, Cribbage, XPressCard, Sound Designer, Video Slide Show, Math Graphics, and 3-D BarGrapher.

ee eee

A $13.00 SAVINGS!

Name

Address

City State ZIP

Amount Method of

enclosed §$ payment © Check or Money Order O VISA or MasterCard

324 W. Wendover Ave., Ste. 200 Greensboro, NC 27408 Credit card no,

Signature (required) Daytime phone number

Exp, date

“* For delivery outside the U.S. or Canada, add $1 for surface mail or $3 for airmail. All orders must be in U.S. funds drawn on a U.S. bank.

SPECIAL OFFER!

' All prices include shipping & handling.

A SpeedsScript O $11.95 i Gazette Index O $ 7.95 i Best Gazette Games O $ 9.95 yj Gazette's Power Tools O $ 9.95 i The GEOS Callection O $11.95 128 Classics O $11.95 § Special 6-Disk Offer O $49.95 ] Subtotal

' Tax*

ff Outside U.S. or Canada**

i Total

i

i

L

i i i i i i i i Mail to Gazette Disks (for orders over $20) ; i i i i i t i all

REVIEWS

PERFECT PRINT

| love GEOS. | use it all the time, but there's practically no way around the weak link in its system. GEOS dot- matrix printouts look like they've been, well, printed on a dot-matrix printer. Pro- fessional Page on Amiga or geoWrite on the IBM use beautiful scalable fonts that make dot-matrix printouts ri- val laser printouts for quali- ty. With GEOS, unless you have a laser printer, you're stuck with blocky, jaggy, am- ateurish-looking fonts.

That's all changed now, because Creative Micro De- signs, a company that seems determined single- handedly to carry the Com- modore computers through the 1990s, has released Per- fect Print, a new print pack- age for geoWrite. Its print- outs, using the GEOS LQ application, are incredible!

Let's get a few details straight. For one thing, Per- fect Print works only with geoWrite. It won't work with geoPublish, no matter how hard we might wish. GEOS LQ, which produces the in- credible geoWrite printouts, is only one part of the Per- fect Print package.

Also included are a set of HQ (for High Quality) printer drivers and fonts designed to work especially well with each other. These drivers are standard GEOS printer drivers that work with any ap- plication, enhancing the print- outs by using advanced in- terpolation techniques. They offer better results than the drivers that come with the GEOS system, even better than double-strike drivers. They aren't the stars of the Perfect Print show, though. You can find printer drivers on QuantumLink that will outperform the ones in the Perfect Print package.

G-14 COMPUTE JULY 1992

The star of the Perfect Print package is GEOS LQ. Nothing anywhere can beat it. You won't believe it the first time one of these print- outs comes slowly (and | do mean slowly) out of your low- ly 9-pin workhorse.

I'm not talking about some pattern that’s been

der the printhead.

To be fair, there are a few niggling inconveniences. Speed is the primary trade- off, as | mentioned above. A full page from geoWrite can take ten or fifteen minutes to print. Also, larger point sizes don't have the exquisite qual- ity of the smaller ones. As a

and even print a graphic:

and even print a graphic:

This text io formatted in California 10-polnt. I'm going to print it out using an Epson 24-pin printer and the L@-1500 printer driver, [switch to 14 point, bold face, dzé-sand OUttiN® modes

This text is formatted in CaliforniaLQ 10-point. I'm going to print it out using an i Epson 24-pin printer and Perfect Print’s "GEOS LQ* system. I'll switch to 14 point, bold face, /a/cs,and outllae modes, use a Lancy-styled font,

Here are examples of the way GEOS prints text and graphics (above). Beneath them are similar examples from Perfect Print.

overprinted so many times that all the jaggies have been mushed into the weave of the paper and struck so repeatedly that a small font looks like a smudge. No, this is print with absolutely perfect de- tails, with precise curves and angles—even on a six- point font in italics. I'm talk- ing printouts to die for!

Oh, come on, you say; there must be a catch. The manual is probably sketchy and obscure. The setup pro- cedure probably requires a degree in advanced sys- tems analysis to implement. The thing probably over- heats the printer. But, no, the manual is clear and con- cise. It contains more infor- mation than most users will ever need. The setup proce- dure is straightforward, and your printer won't get hot un-

matter of fact, the larger siz- es are basically printed us- ing the same kind of interpo- lation routine used in the HQ drivers, which is good but not perfect. And while you can use most of the features of geoWrite, you can’t use the page, date, or time func- tions in the header or footer to let the system print those for you automatically.

The only fonts that will print out in such high quali- ty are the specially designat- ed LQ fonts. Of course, there are more than 40 such fonts available with plenty of great designs to choose from. If you're so in- clined, you can always con- vert or create more using the font-creation utilities in- cluded on the disk. On top of this, CMD has been active- ly soliciting some of the lead- ing font designers to con-

vert their fonts to LQ format.

GEOS LQ is one of the more user-friendly programs around. You can start it from within geoWrite, using an included desk accesso- ry. The control panel screen includes features you've probably never considered. The system fully supports both 9- and 24-pin printers, and everything is well ex- plained in the documenta- tion. You need know virtual- ly nothing about control codes or your printer's inner workings to use GEOS LQ.

If you have any technical expertise, though, you'll find it possible to affect the GEOS LQ system at a basic level by changing the config- ure files. These files are ac- tually geoWrite documents, containing the various infor- mation your system needs to properly use GEOS LQ. Since they're standard geoW- tite documents, they can be examined and altered quite easily. Some variations are al- ready included on the disk, such as a file to set page length to label height and another to tell GEOS LQ to look for the fonts on a differ- ent drive from the one geoW- rite is on.

These nifty touches are just icing on the cake, how- ever. Unless you use GEOS for geoPublish or geoPaint only, you won't want to be without the Perfect Print pack- age. Once again, CMD takes the Commodore and GEOS to unexpected and in- credible heights.

STEVE VANDER ARK

Commodore 64 or 128—$34.95 for all drivers, utilities, and seven fonts; $29.95 for package with 45 LQ fonts; $49.95 for all drivers, utilities, and 45 LQ fonts

CREATIVE MICRO DESIGNS. P.O. Box 646

East Longmeadow, MA 01028 (800) 638-3263

Circle Reader Service Number 342

8 BIT PO BOX 542 LINDENHURST NY 11757-0542

NOW BRINGING YOU GREAT PRICES ON COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE TOO!

Commodore Logo

DIE a a HARD ; $5.00 Why buy Logo? Because it is the best way 6PACSETS for you to learn programming and for your kids

| BACH SET $5.00 to explore math and problem solving. Logo is 1: ASST. +) used in schools and colleges across the U.S. 2: ADULT IMAGES

Famous for turtle graphics, Logo lets you draw complex designs with a few simple com- mands. Easier and more powerful than BASIC, Logo is the perfect language for both beginners

7:GEOS CLIP ART JOYSTICK : ;

8: RECIPES SET OnLy $5.00 and experienced programmers. You Il love

9: UTILITIES SET Logo’s sprites and music, list processing, global Aer Gua and local variables, recursion, and screen editor. C: MUSIC SET PARADRO Now, you can buy the complete Commodore D:ART GALLERY | Ht SOO VALUE! $5.00 Logo for just $19.95! Two disks plus 380 page

Tutorial & Reference Manual. Send your check for just $19.95 plus $4.25 s&h, or call with your Visa/MC number. Call toll-free today!

1-800-354-2744

Terrapin Software (207) 878-8200 400 Riverside St. Portland, ME 04103

Circle Reader Service Number 148

MANY ITEMS ARE CLOSEOUTS, AMOUNT OF STOCK IS LIMITED! Add $1.00 shipping per item ordered*U.S. Funds Only! SORRY NOC.O.D.’s OR CREDIT CARD ORDER: FOR A FREE COPY OF OUR CATALOG, CALL: (516)-957-1110 MONDAY - FRIDAY 10am to 5pm EST

Circle Reader Service Number 162

“Gazette Gallery,” where each month we present the very best in original 64 and 128 artwork.

So don’t waste another moment. Subscribe to- day to COMPUTE’s Gazette Disk and get 12 issues for only $49.95. You save almost 60% off the single- issue price. Clip or photocopy and mail completed coupon today.

Individual issues of the disk are available for $9.95 (plus $2.00 shipping and handling) by writing to COMPUTE, 324 West Wendover Avenue, Suite 200, Greensboro, North Carolina 27408.

YES! Start my one-year subscription to COMPUTE’s Gazette Disk right away for only $49.95.*

O Payment enclosed (check or money order)

Yes, save time and money! Subscribe to the Gazette Disk and get all the exciting, fun-filled Gazette pro- grams for your Commodore 64 or 128—already on disk!

Subscribe today, and month after month you'll

get all the latest, most challenging, and fascinating A ee ee programs published in the corresponding issue of Acct. No. Exp. Date COMPUTE. Signature =

New on the Gazette Disk! In addition to the Name cae programs that appear in the magazine, you'll also atchess get outstanding bonus programs. These programs, ; which are often too large to offer as type-ins, are le ZIP] available only on disk—they appear nowhere else. Province Postal Code

As another Gazette Disk extra, check out

Mail to COMPUTE's Gazette Disk, P.O. Box 3250, Harlan, 1A 51593-2430

“Residents of NC and NY, please add appropriate sales tax for your area. Canadian orders, add 7% goods and services tax.

Gazette index

Everything’s included! Features, games, reviews, education/home applications, programming, bugswatter, feedback, and columns!

A superb interface includes pull-down menus, help screens, and keyboard,

joystick, or mouse control. Features in-

clude super-fast searching and sorting capabilities. An options screen allows you to choose text colors, drive num- ber, and input device. And there's full documentation on disk.

Choose from three modes of opera- tion—browse for quick scanning, view for detailed information and descrip- tions, and edit for adding items from upcoming issues—and print to any printer. There’s even a turbo-load op- tion for maximum disk-access speed.

ORDER YOUR 1991 GAZETTE INDEX TODAY!

(MasterCard and Visa accepted on orders with subtotal over $20.)

To order, send $7.95 per disk, the quantity of disks ordered, check or money order,* your name and com- plete street address:

1991 Gazette Index

324 West Wendover Avenue Suite 200

Greensboro, NC 27408

*Please add $2 shipping & handling ($5 foreign) for each disk (residents of NC, NJ, NY please add appli- cable sales tax; Canadian orders, add 7% goods and services tax).

All payments must be in U.S. funds. Please allow 4 weeks for delivery.

REVIEWS PREDATOR 2

So many computer games based on movies are nothing more than poor games wrapped in catchy visuals and logos from the film they represent. That's why you should be especially careful when buying games of this type. You should look beyond the ref- erences to and scenes from the film and search for some indication of what the game's all about.

Predator 2 has a strong basic game element that was adapted to fit the mov- ie's plot. This is the way it's supposed to work. Predator 2 is a four-level shoot- ‘em-up that puts the player in the heat of battle in 1997 Los Angeles. You play the part of Danny Glover's char- acter in the movie, Detective Lieuten- ant Mike Harrigan. Your ultimate goal is to beat the Predator creature that is stalking Los Angeles. You must survive four levels of action before the climac- tic battle. Each level is tougher than its predecessor and gives you less time to breathe. Although Predator 2 isn't diffi- cult to play, only the best of the best will make it through the game. Most of your efforts will be spent trying to sur- pass your previous score in an attempt to make to the end.

Game mechanics are simple. Move the cross hairs around the sideways- scrolling screen with a joystick (recom- mended) or keyboard and press the fire button or space bar to fire your cur- rent weapon. Take out all the criminals who show signs of resistance and do it quickly. Power items make your stay on the current level more manageable. These include better and faster-firing weapons, body armor, and ammo clips that appear occasionally on the screen. Fire at them to collect them. A wave of criminals at the end of each lev- el usually depletes your reserve lives and eliminates your chance for suc- cess. During this last volley, all of your shots must be well placed or the ene- my will overwhelm you.

It'll take a few games before you get anywhere with Predator 2. More than any other computer game, good aim and conservation of ammo are extreme- ly important. If you hold down the fire button, your weapon will continue to fire at its maximum rate. The Mark | As- sault Shotgun shoots as fast as a ma- chine gun, and it’s very tempting to spread your fire. It's important to shoot the enemy in short bursts rather than laying down a constant bombard- ment because you'll need the firepow- er later in the level. Therein lies the key to Predator 2. Successful players will

learn to anticipate the enemies’ appear- ances and eliminate the enemies be- fore they get a chance to shoot. The longer you avoid return fire, the longer your current life lasts, and the better your chance at finishing the game.

The four levels are varied, with numer- ous challenges and unique features. You see the Predator’s outline in all of the levels as he stalks his prey, but don't fire at him! If you do, he turns one of his weapons on you instead of the criminals. The first level takes place on the Los Angeles streets, with drug crim- inals against the police. It's a practice level compared to what's coming next.

The second level thrusts you into the penthouse apartment of the drug lord Ramon Vega. There are more crimi- nals, and they come from all directions. The third level takes place in the sub- way tunnels. Just as in the real world, the subway's lights affect gameplay, es- pecially when they shut off and you can't see the enemy. If you can sur- vive, you'll soon confront the Predator. The last level opens the doors of a slaughterhouse for your infiltration. This abandoned warehouse is the per- fect lair for the Predator. An exciting bat- tle concludes the game—if you can make it this far.

Graphics are standard for Predator 2. This late in the life cycle of the 64, developers are more concerned with providing a good game with good graphics than they are with providing a poor game with great graphics. Preda- tor 2 is the former. You can distinguish the guns before you collect them, but to help the less experienced, the name of each gun appears below it on the screen. An addictive theme tune makes Predator 2 a bit more exciting. Sound effects are fairly common. From a bells-and-whistles point of view, Predator 2 doesn’t have much to offer. What shines through is strong gameplay.

Predator 2 is the latest product from the Konami/Image Works partnership for the 64 and 128. It makes good use of the machine's sprite and animation capabilities and packs a lot of fun ina simple game framework.

The constant challenge and addic- tion most players will find in Predator 2 is especially attractive to diehard shoot- ‘em-up fans. See if you can take out one of the more intelligent and deadly hunters in the universe!

RUSS CECCOLA

Commodore 64 or 128—$14.95

KONAMI/IMAGE WORKS 900 Deerfield Pkwy. Buffalo Grove, IL 60089 (708) 215-5100

Circle Reader Service Number 343 (a)

Calc makes your math work a breeze | of data * Uppercase, lowercase and — whether it's a mortgage caicuation, | Commodore graphics allavallable * Bar

budgeting, or keeping sports statistics. | grachs on-screen with text ¢ Over two Or use it for your non-math chores like | dozen functions, including LOOKUP, ‘organizing phone numbers ormakinga | AVG, IF, RND, SIN & FIX * 240 rows by arene el = 240 columns * Easy to remember com- e routines for | mands ¢ Uses disk or tape * Simple The Fastest ower and speed » gets resuts twice | worksheet setup + Easy text entry. ‘8s fast as competitor's * ideal for | The Package includes a Detailed User's Spreadsheet catabases ~ sor by row or cour + | Guide with quick start info and View lots of information fast with up to | spreadsheet tips. Also on diskwith Calc for the fou contgyabie

column lockng * Quick, responsive | to use worcsheets. Only $23.85 (pus Commodore 64 Gusorng + independent aduste | $495 shong and handing. Pease ‘ecimal places, wicth and positioning | allow 4-7 weeks for Gelivery.

PANKHURST PROGRAMMING P.0.Box 49135 * Montreal Quebec * Canada + HIN 3T6

Circle Reader Service Number 152

New for the C128! KeyDOS ROM!

The KeyDOS ROMis a chip for the empty socket inside your C128 and adds more than 40 new instantly available features only a keypress or two away! 20 KeyDOS F keys for simple “point & click” multiple drive access. All major DOS functions. Fast- load C64 programs in 128 mode, view SEQ files, execute batch files. Print, copy, view, scratch or rename multiple files. ASCII/CBM converter. Full 1581 subdirectory support! RAMDOS supports REUs up to 2MB. GEOS RBoot. Disk editor, ML debugger, alarm clock, screen dump editor. LOTS MORE! Satisfaction Guaranteed! Write for more information. Only $32.50, See why C128 users say that KeyDOS ROM is a MUST!

Antigrav Toolkit, PO Box 1074, Cambridge, MA 02142 Shipping outside of US, Canada and Mexico add $3

Circle Reader Service Number 155

LOTSA DISKS! THE BEST in 64/128 PD. GEOS, Graphics, Clipart, Demos, Games, Bible, SID/MIDI, Educational, Basic 8 NEW! Graphics Scanning Service Send stamp for FREE catalog or $2 for sample disk.

QVERIES Diskoveries etbenies PO Box 9153, Waukegan, IL 60079

Circle Reader Service Number 190

64/128 PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE REQUEST FREE CATALOG or send $2 for sample disk and catalog (RE- FUNDABLE). Categories Include education, utllitles, games, business, PRINT SHOP graphics, pre-tested programs and more. Rent for 75¢ or buy as low as $1.00 per disk side or for 80¢ for 70 or more. $20 order gets 4 free disks of your choice.

NEXT DAY SHIPPING! SINCE 1986 pene) CALOKE INDUSTRIES (Dept. GK) PO BOX 18477, RAYTOWN, MO 64133

Circle Reader Service Number 255

KODEKRAKR LtTbD.

Proudly presents a new innovation in software security check DE-protection! PASSCODE KRAKRI removes time consuming and often annoying documentation security checks in many of your games software programs. Lists are continually updated with the latest and greatest software releases available on disk! System also uses parameters which are easily

updated with our "newest releases” list. Also available—THE PARAMETER HOTLINE—call On us to customize your favorite (registered owners only)! Don't let lost documents ruin another expensive program. TO ORDER CUSTOMIZATION PACKAGE, send $21.95+$4.00

S/H to: KopeKrakr Lt. 761 Meade Lane * Virginia Beach, VA 23455

Circle Reader Service Number 223

DISKS O'PLENTY INC 7958 PINES BLVD. SUITE 270A PEMBROKE PINES FL 33024 (305) 963-7750 Call or write for free descriptive catalog of 64/128 Public Domain & Shareware Choose from over 900 Disks Adult list of over 50 Disks available to those 18 or over.

021MU_ SID MUSIC UTILITIES

019GR PRINTSHOP UTILITIES 019ED JRHIGH EDUCATION 062ED HIGHSCHOOL EDUC. 033ED TYPING / SPANISH 031ED COMPUTER SCIENCE O10UT PIRATES TOOLBOX 119GA FOREIGN ARCADE 022GA CASINO-BOARD GAMES 021GE GEOS FONTS

002MS LOTTERY PROGRAMS 003MS COLLECTORS CORNER

Circle Reader Service Number 253

Choose 6 for $5.00 LIMITED OFFER

THE STRATEGY/CAMPAIGN GAMES of JACK O'ROSES ©1992 for play on Commodore 64/128 and Plus 4 (5 1/4" disc. Specify if for Plus 4) $19.00 Each or $55.00 for all 3!

THE RECENT UNPLEASANTNESS

Individual control of 43 Confederate Divisions/149 Bridges. Could you have turned back the Federal on- slaught? Don't re-fight the Civil War, declare your own!

COMSOPAC : The Guadalcanal Campaign Engage the Imperial Japanese Navy in Ironbottom

Sound. Lead air attacks on the "Tokyo Express’ in "The Slot”. Be with the 1st Marines and American Division

along the Tenaru.

MALADAN THE INVADER

You alone, Krysiga, have the political and military savvy to form the Alliance and lead into battle the legions of the nine fuedal Lords. Slam-bang medieval combat. Never play the same game twice. Packed with Historical fact. ‘Send check or money order to:

JACK 0' ROSES P.O. BOX 144, MIDDLETOWN, PA 17057 (717)944-5843

(Commodore is areg. TMo! Commodore Business Machines, Inc. who arenot responsible for nor tfliated wih the appication o this software.)

Go against the grain. Cut down on salt.

7 Adding salt to your -<-7 “| food could subtract years from your life.

Because in some

people salt contrib- utes to high blood pressure, a condition that increases your risk of heart disease.

2, GPamerican Heart Association

JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-17

G-18

Joystick ports are usually input devices that receive data. Here's an easy way to reverse that flow.

COMPUTE JULY 1992

BEGINNER BASIC

Larry Cotton

JOYSTICK OUTPUT

As we all know, the ubiquitous joystick has been around al- most as long as the comput- er. When plugged into one of the 64's two joystick ports, it be- comes an input device, trans- lating hand movement to input the computer can use.

Few people know that joy- stick ports can also be used for output. Perusing the Pro- grammer’s Reference Guide, | noticed two little-mentioned memory registers—56322 and 56323—known as Data Direc- tion Registers (DDR) for ports

we Shorter Lead

a 17, bits 0 and 4 will be set for output. (All the rest will be at 0, for input.) Thus, one can independently control each of a particular joystick port's lines. It happens that bit 4 of 56323 controls port 1’s fire but- ton line.

How can we put this knowl- edge to use? Let's do a little work with some hardware. Lo- cate a discarded joystick and remove its cable. If you don't have one, Radio Shack sells a connector (catalogue number 276-1538), but you'll have to wire it yourself.

Most joysticks use six wires

150-220 Q Resistor

A and B. These are ports 2 and 1, respectively, as la- beled on the computer.

These two registers, when properly programmed, have the ability to change a joystick ports’ direction of data flow from input to output! Address 56322 controls joystick port 2's memory register 56320; 56323 controls port 1's regis- ter at 56321. They behave sim- ilarly to the DDR at 56579, which determines whether the user port lines at 56577 are set for input or output.

Each memory register in the 64 contains one byte, or eight bits. Those bits (num- bered 0 through 7) can be con- trolled independently from BA- SIC with the Poke command.

If you poke memory register 56323 with a 1, for instance, bit 0 will contain 1; it will be set for output. If you poke it with

within the cable: the ground, the four direction lines (up, down, right, left), and the fire button. The fire button wire is usually orange, and the ground wire is usually black.

Select these two wires and join them with an LED and are- sistor, as shown above. Con- nect the shorter lead of an LED to either end of a 150- 220-ohm resistor and the long- er lead to the orange fire but- ton wire. Complete the circuit by attaching the free end of the resistor to the black ground wire.

If you don't happen to have LEDs at home, try Radio Shack’s super-bright LED, cat- alogue number 276-087.

Now enter the following.

10 NT=900:FT=300:B=3: REM ON TIME, OFF TIME, AND NUMBER OF BLINKS

20 POKES6323,17: REM FIRE BUTTON OUTPUT, DISABLES KEYBOARD, TURNS LED OFF

30 FORT=1TOFT:NEXT

40 FORI=1T0B

50 POKES6321,16

60 FORT=1TONT:NEXT

70 POKES6321,0

80 FORT=1TOFT:NEXT

90 NEXT

100 POKES6323,0: REM

RESTORE TO NORMAL

Save the program to disk be- fore going any further!

Memory register 56323 nor- mally contains a 0. Because of the way the 64’s keyboard is wired, poking values to that register will interfere with the keyboard's normal opera- tion. To try this, poke a 1 to 56323.

Turn your computer off and on again to restore keyboard operation. Plug the joystick ca- ble into port 1. (That's the port closest to you.) Load and run the above program. The LED should blink three times and possibly will glow softly af- terwards, The LED turns off completely when the line is changed to output.

Line 10 defines the con- stants NT, FT, and B for LED on-time, off-time, and number of blinks. Try changing these values. Line 20 pokes the DDR with a 17, which disa- bles the keyboard and chang- es the fire button line to out- put. Poking a 16 works also but leaves the cursor in a strange place.

Lines 30, 60, and 80 con- trol the times the.LED is on or off. Line 40 begins a FOR- NEXT loop for the number of blinks; line 90 ends it. Lines 50 and 70 turn the fire button wire on (positive DC voltage) and off (ground potential), re- spectively. Line 100 restores port 1 to normal operation.

We'll look at more useful ap- plications next month and learn how to control small elec- trical appliances. a

Big Blue Reader 128/64 - 4.0

Transfers word processing, text, ASCII, and binary files between C64/128 and IBM PC compatible 360K 5.25” and 720K 3.5" disks.

New Version 4.0 features: Transfers ASCII, PET ASCII and Screen Code files including: WordWriter, PocketWriter, SpeedScript, PaperClip, WriteStuff, GEOS, EasyScript, Fleet System and most others.

The

GRAPEVINE GROUP

G”

COMMODORE UPGRADES

© Assuper-heavy. repairable C-64 power sup- © COMPUTER SAVER: This C-64 Protection ply with an output of 4.3 amps (that's over 3x System saves you costly repairs. Over 52% of

as powerful as the original), Featuring 1 year C-64 failures are caused by malfunctioning euppolls CUES EO RL Bacup (ere) ag perme! WTAE) warranty ext fuse, schematics, UL approved. power supplies that destoy your computer programs. Reads MS-DOS sub-directories, uses joystick, and more. Conmodie Dagnosigan(valste@ 8635), C64, No sakoing year waranty Ae Includes C64 & C128 programs. Requires 1571 or 1581 Disk Drive, cna ane RepUI Cs 2 Somat oho ted as 118 Big Blue Reader 128/64 - 4.0 only $44.95 © Our Biggest Seller © 1.8 amp repairable heavy Avoid obsolescence. Allows you to use any Version 4.0 upgrade, send original BBR disk plus $18.

uty supply for C-64, (Over 120,000 sald.) .. $24.95 — Commodore (C-64) printer on any PC compati ble or clone. Does not work with

+ EMERGENCY STARTUP KITS © Amiga... aoe $34.95 . Repair your awn Commodore/Amiga and save PRINTHEAD REFURBISHING Bi YZ Carc 3 ? lots of money. Kits contain all major chips * schematics, diagnostics, etc. No soldering Save time and money by having your tired, Send for full details. Five different kits WOM-Cut or damaged printhead returbished or

available peat iota baller elton conto ane . Entire Old and New Testament text on 4-1541/71 or 2-1581 disks, 512K RAM EXPANDERS year warranty. For example: Okidata 80/90/ . Exhaustive English Concordance on 2-1541/71 or 1-1581 disks; 100 heads are $64.95; Epson (9 Pin) EX/FX/ includes more than 700,000+ references.

Super 1750 REU Clone (512K). Does not Lx are $69.95.

Tequire a larger power supply ...... $142.50 3. Incredible five (5) second look-up time per/word, per/disk. Original REU-1750 512K Expander Unt... $131.00 REPLACEMENT/UPGRADE 4. Instant, automatic spell checking of more than 12,800 words. CRIESIRIEARTS 5. Boolean search options, including AND, OR & NOT logic.

COMMODORE DIAGNOSTICIAN II SD Medea Sate 5

or S *° 6. Search the entire Bible in 5 seconds with 1581 or HD (v3.52).

iginally developed as a software package (

then converted to a readable format, the iy! 7. Money Back Guaranteed!

Diagnostician has become a fantastic seler. 6567 Video . 4 Includes: C64 & C128 programs; printer and disk output; users

with 38,000 sold idwide, Diagnosti: PLA 906114, ' ry " "

cian I ules sopnsteated cess reerence All 901/225-6 EACH guide, disk case. Available on (7) 1541/71, or (4) 1581 disks.

Qrids to locate faulty components (ICs) an all 4164 (C-64/RAM) . C-64 and.C1541 computers (C-128/64 mode). C-128 ROMs Upgrade (

Save money and downtime by promptly locat- C1571 ROM Upgrade (310654-05) 4] ing what chip(s) have failed. (No equipment of C-64 Keyboard (new any kind needed. ) Success rate from diagnosis- Commodore Cables . g to-repair is 98%. Includes basic schematic. $6.95 Service Manuals for C64, C126, 180; (Avail for Amaga computers with 31s" disk at $1495.) 1084, 1541... + $21.95

Send For Free 36 Page Catalog

3 CHESTNUT ST. SUFFERN, NY 10901 fae] en Order Line 1-800-292-7445 Fax 914-357-6243 We Ship Worldwide Hours. 9-6 E.S.T. M-F 914-357-2424 Prices subject to change

Tell a friend you've heard it through the Grapevine.

KJV $49.95 vxvevevrve NIV $59.95

"= Any questions? Call or write for more information. Also available! Amiga, Bible Search

Order by check, money order, or COD. US funds only. = ipping ii . No Credit Card orders, Canada & Mexico add $4 S/H, Overseas add $10 S/H ($5 BBR)

SOGWAP Software ® (219)724-3900

115 Bellmont Road; Decatur, Indiana 46733

Circle Reader Service Number 145

Upgrade your Commodore system

Refurbished Hardware New APROTEK modems SY Can Your MONITORS DRIVES OTHER 64/128/AMIGA-2400 BAUD -$119 C

1541-$100 1660-$30 64/128/AMIGA-1 200 BAUD -$89 Computer Make 1541-lI-$120 1670-$50 ‘APROSAND-4 SLOT CARTRIOGE * 1571-$165 C64 -$100 EXPANDER FORTHE 64/128-$40 4) aid)

1571-Il-$185 64C-$120 New CMD accessories YOU 1581-$180 C128-$175 JIFFY DOS 64/128 & ANYORIVE “SYSTEM*- $85 ; 1OO1SFD-$150 C128D-$225 128D/ANY DRIVE *SYSTEM*- $95 ) 5 | 000 000 $32! 1530 DATASETTE-$35 on repaid erent lik, cory WZ + ] 9 BOOKS - $10 SOFTWARE - $10-20 MLN WN ((OMb)- MAN ASK FORANTTHNG,IMIGHTMAVETT] = SNSPAMSIN- $78 Mla AM Sd $250 WITH LOTTERY PC YOUR NEXT TICKET J.P.PBM PRODUCTS BY MAIL SHIPPINGINCLUDED FORCANADA, USA +15% COULD BE WORTH MILLIONS! P.O. BOX 5 LOTTERY uses the raw power and storage of your

i #1233, STATION 15 DAY WARRANTY ON REFURBISHED GOODS = % GST, Ontario Res. +8% PST 0

WESTON, ONTARIO, M9L2R9 TAX-Canada+7' tario Res. +8" Computer to determine and refine the number tion

methods that will win the various lottery games

play Don't be limited to the one or two methods Other programs use. they might not work in your state. There is no better system available!

Join the growing list of winners using our system.

Commopore 64 PuBLic DomaAIN Highest Quality Since 1987*

Games, Education, Business, Utilities, GEOS, Music, Graphics & earn More. As low as 90¢ per collection. 1 stamp for complete catalog Lona PC ) or $2.00 for catalog AND 30 sample programs (refundable). IBM PC/XT/AT and compatibles

24 hour shipping. peng Commodore64/128 & Plus/4 are registered trademarks of Commodore Int |BM PC/XT/AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Inc

— ee To order, send $29.95 for each plus $3.00 postage & handling per order to

(Illinois residents add 6% sales ent

(Grders outside North America add $3.00)

64 DISK CONNECTION

4291 Holland R uite 562 - Virginia Beach, VA 23452 Formerly RVH Publications)

Circle Reader Service Number 254

NUCLEAR SUB COMMAND

Realistic Nuclear Attack Sub Simulation

C.0.D. orders call: (708) 566-4647 ( Superior Micro Systems, Inc. e Goreme om (Op “\ —4

C64 oF 128 In

‘Command Missions Ur

Hunt Russian Typhoons

Requires C64 GEOS 1.3

$19.95 Check or Money Order VMC Software PO Box 326 Cambria Hts. NY 11411

Mundelein, IL 60060

Circle Reader Service Number 221

Circle Reader Service Number 171

that it often remains

G-20

a mystery to programmers.

COMPUTE JULY 1992

MACHINE LANGUAGE

Jim Butterfield

SIMPLE STACK USAGE

The stack is used automatical- ly by many activities. When your program calls a subrou- tine with JSR, the stack stores the return address. Later, the subroutine returns with RTS, and the stack delivers the stored address. Similar ac- tions take place with RTI and interrupts. In every case, the stack is returned to its former condition automatically when the job is done.

The stack takes care of it- self so well that it often re- mains a mystery to program- mers. Since they don't often use the four stack-manipula- tion commands, programmers feel ill at ease with them. Here are those commands

PHA Push (copy) the con- tents of A to the stack.

PLA Pull the contents of the stack into A.

PHP Push (copy) the PSW (program status word) to the stack.

PLP Pull the contents of the stack into the PSW.

Using these commands is sim- ple. Do you have something in the A register that you know you will need soon but not right now? Push it to the stack with PHA. You can store it there for a while then bring it back later with PLA. Perhaps you have a condition flag that you'll want to test later in the program but not immediately? Push all the flags with PHP, and bring them back with PLP when you want to test them. There's only one vital rule that you must follow: If you put it on the stack, you must take it off. Leave a messy stack, and your program will crack. The last thing that you pushed

onto the stack is the first thing you must pull. After you push something to the stack, be very careful that your code nev- er branches away, leaving a bad stack in place.

Let's write a small but use- ful program that uses the stack commands. It's a pro- gram to print the contents of a sequential file to the screen or to a printer.

The program will connect to the input file, take a byte, and disconnect. It will then con- nect to the output file, send that byte, and again discon- nect. Then it will test to see if the input has signaled end-of- file (EOF). If not, back we go to do it all again.

The EOF condition is signal- ed in variable ST (status), ad- dress $90 on current Commo- dore 8-bit machines. But here's the catch: It's signaled immediately following the in- put operation. If you examine the logic flow described above, you'll see that we test for EOF after we've performed an output operation. That's the right program point to do the test, but by that time, variable ST will have lost the vital EOF signal that was present after the program performed the in- put operation.

That means we should test the value of ST immediately af- ter the input but we shouldn't branch based upon that test until a later program point. How may we preserve the con- dition flags? We do it with the PHP and PLP instructions.

A second problem arises. We read a byte from our input file by means of a call to the Kernal subroutine at $FFE4. The value is placed into reg- ister A, which is just where we'll want it for output. Our next call, however, is to $FFCC in order to disconnect from the input stream, and that will destroy the contents of the A register. The easiest solution is to preserve A with

the PHA and PLA instructions. Gosh, this is easy. Let's go to the code.

Logical file 1 will have been opened as our input; logical file 2 as our output. First, let's connect to the input stream.

2000 A2 01 logical file 1

2002 20 C6 FF JSR $FFC6 ; connect input

2005 20 £4 FF JSR $FFE4 ; input a byte

LDX #$01 ;

Now we test ST, address 90. A value of 0 means that we aren't at EOF and there are no other problems. Load- ing ST into the Y register will automatically set the Z flag if the value is 0; otherwise, the Z flag will be cleared. Either way, we'll push the flag to the stack and test it later.

2008 A4 90 LDY $90; read ST (Z flag) 200A 08 PHP ;

save conditions to stack

The byte we received from the input stream is still in the A register. But we're about to make a couple of calls that will wipe it out. So let’s put that on the stack, too. Remem- ber that since it's the most re- cent thing we've put on the stack, it must be the first thing we pull.

200B 48 save input byte

PHA p

Now that the byte is safely stacked, we can disconnect our input.

200C 20 CC FF JSR $FFCC ; restore default 1/0

Then we connect to our out- put stream, logical file 2.

200F A2 02 logical file 2

2011 20 C9 FF JSR $FFC9 ; connect output stream

LDX #$02 ;

SOFTWARE

CLOSEOUTS

For Commodore 64 & 128

‘STRATEGIC SIMULATIONSINC. (SS!) S1S.50EACH ‘Typhoon of Steel, War of the Lance, Curse of Azure Bonds, Pool of Radiance, Countdownto Doomsday, Battles of Napoleon, Tony LaRussa Baseball, B-24, Roadwar 2000, Hillsfar, First ‘over Germany, Heroes of Lance, Pro-Tour Golf Battle for Normandy, Dragons of Flame or Dragonstrike.

MICROPROSE & MICROPLAY

Acrojet, Destroyer Escort, Dangerous, Top Gunner, Xenophobe, Crusadein Europe, Decision in the Desert, Spitfire Ace, Hellcat Ace, Solo Flight, Silent Service, Conflict in Vietnam, Stunt Track Racer, 3D Pool, F-15 Strike Eagle, Airoorne Ranger, or Pirates!

ACCOLADE BARGAINS .... . $5.00 EACH

PSI 5 Trading Co., Law of the West, Comics, Killed Until Dead, Hardball, Dambusters, Ace of Aces, Fight Night, orJet Boys.

TATOPREMIUMTITLES .....

Alcon, Arkanoid, Arkanoid |,

Operation Wolf, Rambo lil, Rastan or Renegade. ACTIVISION BARGAINS .. . $5.00 EACH Toy Bizarre, Mindshadow, H.E.R.0., Crossbow Championship Baseball, Zenji or Powerdrift. ACTIVISION PREMIUM TITLES . ST4.SDEACH Gee Bee Air Rally, Ali jostbusters |, Maniac Mansion, Beyond Dark Castle, Titanic, ‘Space Shuttle, Christmas Model Kit, Mondu's Fight Palace, or Die Hard.

\MINDSCAPELIQUDATION.

oo SBSENH Mastertype/Writer Bundle, Perfect Score SAT, Shinobi, Gauntlet 2, Bop'n Rumble, ColorMe, Combat Course, Into the Eagle's Nest, Indoor Sports, Boston Computer Diet, Songwriter, Thunderblade, Golden Oldies,

COMPSULT P.O. BOX 5160 SAN LUIS OBISPO CA 93403-5160

|AVALONHILL GAME COMPANY . .. S10.00EACH Under Fire, MacBeth, Wooden Ships & Iron Men, Ripper!, Tsushima, Stocks & Bonds, Dr. Ruth, Parthian Kings, Jupiter Mission 1999,T.AC., lLegionnaire, Tournament Golf, Maxwell Manor, Statis-Pro Baseball, Gulf Strike, Darkhorn IGuderian, Mission on Thunderhead, Panzers East ISuper Sunday, or Panzer Jagd.

INFOCOM BARGAINS

Starcross, Susp

| MORE GREAT DEALS!!! Printed Word r The Tool, by Valveware Partner 128 (cartridge for C/128 only), byTimeworks

Ghstwriter 128, by Hesware (C/128on! ibe Super Expander6 (cartridge), by Commodore /Assembler, byCommodore

Pet Emulator, by Commodore Entertainer or Educator, by Valueware .... $3.75 Tri-Math or Turtle Toyland, by HesWare ......... $450

SS.O0EACH Deadline.

Attack ofthe Mutant Camels (cartridge), by HES $3.50

EACH. iron Lord, Putty’s Saga, Skate Wars,B.A T., Pick’NPile ese aeezI00, mrcape romenee 50

TONS OF "ADDIT 10> |COMMODORE 64/128. @

‘VISAIMC ORDERS CALL TOLL-FREE 1-800-676-6616

Credit Card Orders Only!!! ! ($25 minimum)

TO ORDER: Send check or money order, including shippingcharges ot$3 for S A. tor Canada $120 others. California addressesmust include 7.25% sales tax To receive our complete catalog of over 2,000items tor all computer types, send $2 in cash or postage stamps. The catalog s FREE withany order. Tocheck tor an tem not listed here, call (805) 544-6616.

WE ALSO CARRY LOTS OF SOFTWARE FOR IBM, APPLE, MAC, AMIGA, ATARI & MORE!

Fun Graphics Machine

FUN GRAPHICS MACHINE (FGM) IS AN “ALL-IN-ONE” GRAPHICS PROGRAM FOR THE C=64, WHAT CAN BE CREATED WITH FGM IS ONLY LIMITED BY YOUR IMAGINATION, JUST A FEW EXAMPLES:

BUSINESS CARDS CUSTOM LABELS

|

GRAPHICS AND

FUN GRAPHICS mA Ni R as INCLUDING?

HI-RES SCREENS

UPPORTS Imp: HY POPULAR

20 Dx

a SCREENS CAN BE CAPTURED SIMPLY BY RESETTING — COMPUTER THEN LOADING THE FUN GRAPHICS MACHINE,

€=128 KEYBOARD TEMPLATE MAKE YOUR OWN OVERLAVS- $5.00 FGM CALENDAR TEMPLATES DAILY, WEEKLY, HONTHLY-- $5,00 = FULL KEYBOARD OVERLAYS FOR THE FOLLOWING PROGRAMS (=) CMmO’S HARD DRIVE, RAMLINK, RAMDRIVE JIFFY DOS COMMANDS SNAP SHOT S ACTION REPLAY 4&5 EPYX FAST LOAD BUSINESS FORM SHOP CALC STAR BASIC 8 5fler ROCK’S ASSEMBLER THE FUN GRAPHICS MACHINE I PLEASE STATE COMPUTER (C64,C128,SX-64) OR C64 IS SHIPPED

Ao) urg. OR. 974702:

(503)- 673-2234 ADD $3.50 FOR S/H PER ORDER

Circle Reader Service Number 181

Now that we've connected, we're ready to output. All we have to do is pull the data byte back and send it.

2014 68 PLA ; restore input byte

2015 20 D2 FF JSR $FFD2 ; output it

We've used the Kernal sub- routine at $FFCC before, to disconnect the input stream. Now we use it to dis- connect the output stream.

2018 20 CC FF JSR S$FFCC ; restore default 1/0

Now the program is ready to test for EOF. Let's bring back the Z flag that we stashed quite a while ago.

201B 28 PLP ; restore condition flags 201C FO E2 BEQ $2000

; if not EOF, do it again 201E 60 RTS ; else back to BASIC

The BASIC code pokes the machine language code in

place, opens the input and output files, and then calls the machine language with a SYS command. When the ML program returns control, BASIC closes the two files. This example of stack us- age runs on all recent Com- modore 8-bit computers. To run this program on the old- er CBM and PET comput- ers, change the value 144 to 150 in line 100 and the val- ue 4388 to 4396 in line 250.

100 DATA 162,1,32,198,255, 32,228,255,164,144,8, 72,32,204,255

110 DATA 162,2,32,201,255, 104,32,210,255, 32,204,255,40,240, 226,96

200 FOR J=8192 TO 8222

210 READ X

220 POKE J,X

230 T=1+X

240 NEXT J

250 IF T<>4388 THEN STOP

300 INPUT “NAME OF INPUT FILE”;F$

310 OPEN 15,8,15

320 OPEN 1,8,3,F$

330 INPUT# 15,E,E$,E1,E2

340 IF E<>0 THEN PRINT 380 IF D$="‘P” THEN A=4:GOTO

E;E$;E1;E2:STOP 400 350 INPUT “OUTPUT TO 390 GOTO 350 SCREEN OR PRINTER”;D$ 400 OPEN 2,A 360 D$=LEFT$(D$,1) 410 SYS 8192 370 IF D$="‘S” THEN 420 CLOSE 2 A=3:G0TO 400 430 CLOSE 1 a

TYPING AIDS

MLX, our machine language entry program for the 64 and 128, and The Automatic Proofreader are utilities that help you type in Gazette programs without mak- ing mistakes. To make room for more programs, we no longer include these labor-saving utilities in every is- sue, but they can be found on each Gazette Disk and are printed in all issues of Gazette through June 1990.

If you don’t have access to a back issue or to one of our disks, write to us, and we'll send you free print- ed copies of both of these handy programs for you to type in. We'll also include instructions on how to type in Gazette programs. Please enclose a self-addressed, stamped envelope. Send a self-addressed disk mail- er with appropriate postage to receive these programs on disk.

Write to Typing Aids, COMPUTE's Gazette, 324 West Wendover Avenue, Suite 200, Greensboro, North Carolina 27408.

JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-21

The GEOS deskTop is

a very efficient

its faults. Here’s

a look at some deskTop

G-22

alternatives.

COMPUTE JULY 1992

GEOS

Steve Vander Ark

IN SEARCH OF A BETTER DESKTOP

Which GEOS application do you use the most? You might think it’s geoWrite, but it's the deskTop. The deskTop lets you erase and copy files, page through disk directories, and load and run applications. The deskTop is like home base—where you go when you click on Quit.

Whenever you hit a quit but- ton, GEOS looks for and runs the file called DESKTOP. Ob- viously, it wouldn't do to have an unsuspecting user rename

_ his or her deskTop. That's why

it's invisible to the system and why it isn't called an applica- tion in its info box. It's aGEOS system file 4, which is a file type you can’t rename.

The deskTop, especially the 2.0 version, is very effi- cient, but it has some faults. Moving from page to page on the notepad, for example, is a fairly slow process, since the system must load each page and its icons separately. Also, the deskTop provides only marginal support for a third disk drive and until recently provided none at all for devic- es such as CMD's RAMLink.

Over the years, program- mers have created several dif- ferent file-handling applica- tions to supplement the desk- Top. These programs buy speed by using text instead of icons to list files. Most of them patch the GEOS system with a different filename so that a Quit command returns you to them instead of the deskTop. Here’s a list of such programs.

DualTop. DualTop, as its name implies, does the desk- Top one better by displaying the directories of two disks side by side. Standard file func- tions are accomplished by highlighting the filename and then clicking on one of the but- tons on the screen. DualTop

supports three drives, includ- ing RAM drives.

On Q-Link, the 128 version is called 128DTV27.SFX, uploaded by RedSonia. DUAL- TOP is the 64 version, upload- ed by JBUS.

WormDesk. This program provides all normal file func- tions, as well as an elaborate view system. The directory dis- played can consist of only one type of file at a time. This usu- ally is fine, but once in a while it's nice to be able to peruse an entire directory, an option not available on WormDesk.

The Q-Link filename is WORMDESKS.0O, uploaded by geoWorm. It's for the 64 only.

QwikTop. The QwikTop screen is divided into eight box- es, each of which displays the files from a single page of the deskTop’s notepad. The result is that you get to see seven pages at once, plus the bor- der, with filenames shown in text. QwikTop saves space by including only the most often- used file functions, but the fact that you can view most of a disk’s files at once and move them around from page to page almost instantly makes this one a joy for those of us who like to organize our disks. This one's a winner!

Q-Link filenames are QWIKTOP, uploaded by IL- LINI70, and QWIKTOP128.2, uploaded by GEOREP JIM.

Mini-Desk. This Jim Collette masterpiece is a desk acces- sory which provides access to a few essential file-handling op- tions while you're within anoth- er application. | find this nifty program especially helpful when I'm working on a project where the application and the document are both in RAM. Mini-Desk lets me copy the file I'm working on to another drive, assuring me of a current copy even if the power fails.

Released as part of Comm- Plex Software's GeoWizard disk, the entire package is

$16.95 from CommPlex Soft- ware, 6782 Junction Road, Pa- vilion, New York 14525.

Switcher. To avoid the de- lay while one application quits to the deskTop and another one loads, Switcher avoids the deskTop and provides a dia- log box from which to open the next application. This isn't really a full-fledged deskTop re- placement, but if your work re- quires moving from program to program, Switcher will cer- tainly keep you jumping. Its very small size makes it a boon for single-drive geoPub- lish users. Its Q-Link filename is SWITCHER 1.3, uploaded by Student t.

gateWay. GateWay is more than a deskTop alternate. It's a full-blooded replacement with lots of great features. Un- til recently, gateWay was the only file-handling system which supported CMD's RAM- Link and RAMDrive. For more information, see the Gazette re- view (November 1991).

GateWay ($29.95) is availa- ble in 64 and 128 versions from Creative Micro Designs, P.O. Box 646, East Longmead- ow, Massachusetts 01028.

geoShell. GeoShell takes the GEOS environment full cir- cle, replacing the graphics in- terface of the deskTop with text commands. While this might seem to you like a step backwards, the many hot-key commands and the speed of this program might instead lead you to decide that it's the most efficient file-handling rou- tine around. For example, by typing the filename of a file on the current disk and pressing Return, geoShell quickly scans the directory and then loads and runs the file. There's no need to page through a slew of icons or scroll through a directory.

For more information about geoShell, contact Maurice Ran- dall, 215 East Harris, Char- lotte, Michigan 48813. a

The Gazette Productivity Manager

(Formerly PowerPak)

Harness the productivity power of your 64 or 128!

Turn your Commodore into

a powerful workhorse, keep track of finances, generate reports in a snap, manage your money in minutes—

all with the new 1991 Gazette Productivity Manager! Look at all your 64/128 Productivity Manager disk contains.

ORDER YOUR 1991 GAZETTE PRODUCTIVITY MANAGER TODAY!

GemCalc 64 & 128—

A complete, powerful, user-

friendly spreadsheet with all the features you'd expect in an expensive commercial package (separate 64 and 128 versions are included). Most commands can be performed with a single keypress!

Memo Card—Unleashes the power of a full-blown database without the fuss! Nothing’s easier—it’s a truly simple computerized address file. Just type in your data on any one of the index cards. Need to edit?

Just use the standard Commodore editing keys. (MasterCard and Visa accepted on orders with subtotal over $20). Finished? Just save the data to floppy. What could be | °° ° # # © # ©)©6©” DDT TTSS easier? DYES! please send me Productivity Manager disk(s)

($14.95 each).

Subtotal

Sales Tax (Residents of NC and NY please add appro- priate sales tax for your area, Canadian orders, add 7% goods and services tax.)

—— Shipping and Handling ($2.00 U.S. and Canada, $3.00 surface mail, $5.00 airmail per disk.)

I I I Financial Planner—Answers all of those questions ! concerning interest, investments, and money manage- ment that financial analysts charge big bucks for! You 1 can plan for your children’s education and know ! exactly how much it will cost and how much you need to save every month to reach your goal. Or, decide | ——— Total Enclosed whether to buy or lease a new car. Use the compound | —Check or Money Order — MasterCard _ VISA interest and savings function to arrive at accurate ' baat | I | | | I I I I I I I

estimates of how your money will work for you. aes Compute the answer at the click of a key!

(Required) Daytime Telephone No,

Name

Address

City State/ uP/ Province —__ —__ Postal Code

DON’T MISS OUT ON THIS POWERFUL WORKHORSE!

Send your order to Gazette 1991 Productivity Manager, 324 W. Wendover Ave., Ste. 200, Greensboro, NC 27408.

Don't let death act

as an obstacle

fo your future. Use

G-24

multimedia as a springboard to immortality.

COMPUTE JULY 1992

D'IVERSIONS

Fred D'lgnazio

DIGITAL IMMORTALITY

When | was a child, | used to think | was immortal. | couldn't die. This type of attitude natu- rally led to several life-threat- ening experiences, such as jumping off roofs, almost get- ting hit by cars, and climbing on cliffs. | concluded that my surviving these activities dem- onstrated my invulnerability.

When | grew older and had experienced the deaths of my uncle, a favorite grandmother, and a few assorted movie stars and pets, | grew wiser. | realized that maybe | wasn't im- mortal. Maybe | could die, But, heck, | was young. Death was probably 50, 60, maybe 80 years away. | was hopeful. Someone was bound to discov- er a cure for old age way be- fore | got close to dying.

| clung to this notion of a fountain of youth for quite a few years, but nowit’s starting to dry up. It's getting harder to believe in medical miracles. I'm 43, and there doesn’t seem to be a miracle drug on the horizon. In fact, things seem to be getting worse. With the upsurge in crime, vi- olence, AIDS, and so on, | feel far more at risk now than | did when | was younger.

The other night | was watch- ing television, feeling kind of blue, and | spotted a commer- cial that features Elton John playing alongside Louis Arm- strong, Humphrey Bogart, and James Cagney. Through spe- cial digital techniques, movie images of these long-dead superstars have been added to a new ad that features a very much alive Elton John.

The next night | tuned into the Grammy Awards and saw Natalie Cole win a Grammy for her song “Unforgettable.” To create this version, she used digital techniques to weave her father’s original song into

a new recording in which the two of them sing a duet. Nat King Cole is dead, but that didn't stop his daughter from resurrecting his unforgettable solo and changing it into a hauntingly beautiful father- daughter masterpiece.

Both of these instances qual- ify as digital immortality. | know that Cagney, Bogart, Cole, and Armstrong are dead, but | did see and hear them on television the other night in new productions.

The Elton John commercial and the Natalie Cole song have been so successful that they're sure to spawn a host of imitations. Television compa- nies, movie houses, and ad agencies will search their ar- chives to resurrect film stars, political figures, authors, ath- letes, heroes, villains, and saints to mix their images with contemporary media figures. We'll soon be flooded with songs and commercials digi- tally combining the dead and the undead: Marilyn Monroe with Madonna, W. C., Fields with Danny DeVito, Lou Gehrig with Jose Canseco, Teddy Roosevelt with George Bush, Steve Martin with the Three Stooges.

In fact, virtual immortality is nothing new. We've been get- ting accustomed to it for years. What's the effect of me- dia stars dying? If they're pop- ular, it doesn't mean that we no longer see them. All it means is that we don't get any new material. We still see re- runs of their best work.

Are Bing Crosby and Dan- ny Kaye gone? It doesn’t seem like it after I've watched White Christmas. What about Judy Garland? Not after see- ing Wizard of Oz with my three- year-old, How about Spencer Tracy, John F. Kennedy, or Jim Morrison? It's hard to imag- ine Lucille Ball gone after watching one of her wonderful “| Love Lucy” episodes.

The truth is that my memory of astar’s death pales in com- parison to the vivid, poignant evidence of his or her survival on the television or movie screen. The stars seem still alive when | see them in the midst of news programs, sit- coms, and commercials that feature the products and celeb- rities of the here and now.

This brings me to my own death, or, hopefully, my own vir- tual immortality. | may give up on cryogenics, miracle drugs, and fountains of youth, but | might still achieve immortality through multimedia.

| can see a whole new indus- try springing up as funeral homes retrofit middle-aged and older Americans with dig- ital re-creations of their lives. They can interview us to cap- ture our voices and images. They can scan in photographs and digitize home movies and audio tapes to capture us dur- ing our youth and our adult- hood. They can embed us in the era in which we lived and put a spin on the whole pres- entation. How do we want to be remembered? Nostalgical- ly? Romantically? Dashingly? Respectfully? Producers at mul- timedia funeral homes will be able to remaster our lives digi- tally and dramatize them ac- cording to our wishes.

“This Is Your Life, Fred D'lg- nazio." That's what I'll get. I'll pay about a thousand dollars. It'll take only a couple of days to create at the local funeral home equivalent of a one- hour Insty-Prints or Moto-Pho- to. I'll be packaged on CD- ROM. I'll get a dozen copies to distribute to my wife, chil- dren, and close friends. When- ever they miss me or want to remember how | was, they'll boot up my disc in their com- puter, and I'll spring to life, just like Bogart, Armstrong, Cagney, and Cole.

I'll be immortal. | won't no- tice, but others will. a

PROGRAMS

POP-UP

By Richard Penn

While entering data for an applications program, you suddenly need to make a calculation. You press a key, call up a cal- culator screen, determine the answer that you need, and then continue with your main program.

The telephone rings while you're work- ing on areport, and you need to check a date while discussing an appointment. You press a key, call up a calendar, and then return to your report.

Afterward, prior to printing your report, you call up a smart help screen—one that knows you're ready to print and dis- plays only a summary of printer com- mands, not the ten previous pages of in- structions that you don't need.

If you think this sounds like something only an expert programmer could do in machine language, you're wrong. Pop- Up allows you to add pop-up desk tools to BASIC programs as easily as writing a GOSUB subroutine, and it lets you call them with a single command!

Typing It In

Pop-Up consists of three programs. The first is the actual machine lan- guage routine, so you'll need to use MLX, our machine language entry pro- gram to enter it. See “Typing Aids” else- where in this section. When MLX prompts you, respond with the values given below.

Starting address: COOO Ending address: C607

Before exiting MLX, save a copy of this program with the name POP-UP. The enclosed demonstration program looks for that name when it runs.

A second machine language pro- gram contains sprite data for an on- screen calculator that’s used in the dem- onstration program. Again, you'll need MLX to type it in. When MLX prompts you, respond with the following values.

Starting address: 3E00 Ending address: 3FFF

When you've finished typing, be sure to save a copy of the program as CAL- CULATOR.SPR.

Finally, Demo is a BASIC program

that shows how to use Pop-Up. To pre- vent typing errors, enter it with The Automatic Proofreader; see “Typing Aids” again elsewhere in this section.

Put It to Work

To use Pop-Up in your own applica- tions, add lines 30-40 of Demo to the beginning of your BASIC programs. Now let's take a look at how it works.

Two Commands

Pop-Up works by setting up a branch key. Whenever f1 is pressed, the run- ning BASIC program is suspended, and execution branches to a selected line. This subroutine, which runs inde- pendently with its own variables, con- tains the code for the pop-up tool. Pressing f1 again returns you to the main program without a hint that any- thing ever happened. Think of it as a powerful GOSUB key that jumps to a subroutine with its own screen, VIC-II chip, and variables.

There are only two commands to learn. The first, SYS 49752, line, ena- bles Pop-Up and selects the line to branch to. This command should be used at the beginning of your program. The second command, SYS 49877, dis- ables Pop-Up.

Programming Desk Tools

A BASIC routine for an accessory such as a calculator is practically no dif- ferent from any other subroutine, ex- cept that you must write it as a stand- alone program that loops endlessly. Think of an accessory as a new pro- gram that runs from the main program whenever you press f1. This new pro- gram continues until you press f1 again to exit. You'll see a programming example of this by using a calculator in Demo.

When you press f1, the machine lan- guage routines save all important infor- mation about the main program, such as BASIC pointers, screen and color memory, the VIC-II chip, and variables. Then BASIC jumps to the subroutine se- lected by the SYS 49752, line com- mand and executes it, just as if RUN were typed. This subroutine has its own variables (2559 bytes stored at memory locations 50689-53247) that are cleared each time you press f1. The display, however, isn’t cleared, so

your pop-up tools can be printed over the current screen for a window effect. The only quirk is that the cursor is po- sitioned one column to the right of the home location whenever f1 is pressed the second time.

No changes made to the screen or sprites by the subroutine called by Pop- Up are permanent. Pressing f1 again re- stores the original program and screen. The only exception is the SID chip, which cannot be peeked and therefore cannot be saved.

More Than One

What if you want several accessories? Include a menu at the beginning of the Pop-Up subroutine for the user to se- lect. You might include a calculator, cal- endar, and notepad.

When programming Pop-Up tools, it's best to write them separately and then merge them with your main pro- gram once they're debugged. This is because only the main set of variables is available to the BASIC editor. If you press Run/Stop while a Pop-Up subrou- tine is running and then type PRINT A, the value of A in the main program, not the subroutine, will be returned.

Also, note that a renumbering utility won't recognize the new SYS 49752, line command. You'll have to change its line number yourself.

Smart Help Screens Suppose you have a two-part program in which you first enter data and then print a report. Some programs offer a help key, and dumb help screens are always displayed in the same se- quence. That means users who need in- formation about printing but don't need help for entering data have to see the data-entry help screen anyway because it comes first. Smart help screens eliminate flipping through un- wanted screens because they know where you are in a program and only display relevant information.

Programming them with Pop-Up is easy. In our example program, you might insert the command POKE 679,1 at the beginning of the data-entry rou- tine, and POKE 679,2 at the start of the report-printing routine.

The help screen subroutine (called with f1) would check location 679 with a line such as IF PEEK(679)=1 THEN

JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-25

PROGRAMS

6 C148:85 FD A9 A3 85 FE AG OG E6 | C378:60 80 4F C7 52 58 40 FF 2B “iat easy fa aay. C150:Bl FD 91 FB £6 FD DO 62 FO | C38G:00 GO 55 FF 60 GO GG BG B2 k i C158:E6 FE E6 FB D@ 62 E6 FC G5 |C388:G3 GO GB 88 BB GB GG 24 BD

data-entry help screen would be print- | c16a:a5 FB C9 16 DG EA A5 FC 6A |C39G:6C 55 GO GO BO G2 GG GG A3 ed. If location 679 held a 2, the pro- | c168:Cc9 63 DG E4 AO BG 85 FB 4E |C398:GG BB GB GG D6 17 GB BB 33 gram would jump to 3000 where a re- | C170:A9 64 85 FC A9 G7 85 FD BC | C3AG:3C G3 66 GB GG G6 GG 6B 7F port help screen would be displayed, | C178:A9 A6 85 FE Bl FD 91 FB BF | C3A8:08 FA 9F G8 06 6G GG GO E6 For a longer program, just include | $289:E6 FD D@ 02 EG FE £6 FB 2E |C3BG:AG G1 08 04 GG GG GB AC 26 ' C188:D@ 92 E6 FC AS FB C9 E8 3B |C3B8:GG G4 GB G2 26 GG GB GB 62

more flags and IF/THEN statements. C190:D@ EA AS FC C9 07 D@ E4 AC | C3CG:04 GG GB 27 GO 85 GO FF D2 C198:A9 GG 85 FB A9 D8 85 FC 1A |C3C8:00 GO FF FF G0 60 FF FF 50 New Look and Feel C1AG:A9 EF 85 FD A9 AS 85 FE 83 | C3D0:00 GG FF FF 60 GG FF FF 58

Pop-Up gives BASIC a new look and | C1A8:B1 FD 91 FB E6 FD DO 62 49 | c3D8:60 20 26 34 39 37 35 35 FS feel, Never before could software writ- | CLB@:E6 FE E6 FB DG 02 E6 FC SD |C3EG:60 30 30 30 30 FF @@ 00 FE ten in BASIG@/be.so: Userstriendiyanor | Gioeine oo Gece oo cn Ap Rc, 50 ||C3E@:ER EE 00 00 EF FF G6 09 76 Ys C1C8:C9 DB DG E4 A2 GO BD D7 FO |C3FG:FF FF 60 GO FF FF 96 GG 78 did the BASIC programmer have so | cic8:aD 9D @@ D@ ES EG 2F DG 91 |C3F8:FF FF 90 G0 FF FF 00 90 30 much power at his fingertips. The pos- | C1Dd:F5 AE 66 AE A9 37 85 G1 DC |C40G:FF FF 06 OG FF FF 80 G6 89 sible click-on accessories are limited on- | C1D8:9A ac F3 C5 4 BA EA Ag 18 C408:FF FF 06 06 FF FF 09 60 91 AF rf C1EG:83 8D 62 G3 AO A4 8D G3 F7 |C410:FF FF GG GG FF FF 9G @6 99

ly ey ead eee ee ae ram | CLE8#93 A9 57 8D 24 G3 AD Fl BE | C4l8:FF FF 03 G0 FF FF 06 G0 Al ven I you Gon't want to program | cipg:gp 25 g3 4C 31 EA A9 57 89 |C420:FF FF GG 00 FF FF 00 GG A9 your own accessories, you can use the | clr8:8D 24 93 A9 Fl 8D 25 G3 5A |C428:FF FF 60 00 FF FF G6 0G Bl demonstration’s Pop-Up calculator in | c20d:08 A9 6G 20 90 FF 28 26 EA |C430:FF FF 00 00 FF FF 00 96 B9 your own programs by including lines | C208:60 A6 AD EB C2 85 15 AD DF |C438:FF FF 06 60 FF FF 00 G6 Cl

C210:EC C2 85 14 26 a6 AB 4C £7 | C440:FF FF 00 OO FF FF 08 00 C9 20-60 and 1000-1890) C218:AE A7 78 8D E9 C2 8E EA 29 |c448:FF FF G0 OG FF FF @@ GG D1

OP-UP €220:C2 A9 83 8D G2 G3 AS A4 CE | C45G:FF FF 00 OO FF FF 08 60 D9 POP- €228:8D @3 63 A9 57 8D 24 63 6C |C458:FF FF 00 OG FF FF G6 60 El

C@GG:A2 @2 BS 6G 9D FD A2 E8 1D | C236:A9 Fl 8D 25 G3 AO GB 8D 57 | C460:FF FF OG GO FF FF G8 GG ED C968:E9 FB D@ F6 AY FF 85 FB D6 | C238:E7 C2 AO 36 85 Gl A2 2D 9D | C468:FF FF OO GO FF FF @@ @9 Fl CG16:A9 OG 85 FC AO F6 85 FD 19 | C240:BD FD A2 95 66 E8 EG 39 70 |C47G:FF FF G6 OG FF FF @@ GG F9 C@18:A9 A3 85 FE AG OO Bl FB 5C | C248:DG F6 AY 37 85 Gl AD EO 12 |C478:FF FF OO GO FF FF 80 GB G2 C620:91 FD E6 FD D@ G2 E6 FE @2 | C250:C2 AE EA C2 58 4C 83 A4 GC | C48G:FF FF OO OO FF FF @@ GO GA CG28:E6 FB D@ G2 E6 FC AS FB C8 | C258:A9 EE 85 FB A9 C2 85 FC 3F |C488:FF FF 6G G0 FF 7D EA @@ DD CG636:C9 16 D® EA A5 FC C9 G3 1B] C266:A9 6G 85 FD AO AG 85 FE 25 | C49G:FF GG 22 GE BC 81 7D EBA ll C638:DG E4 AI GB 85 FB AD 64 G4 | C268:AG BG Bl FB 91 FD E6 FD 84 |C498:7D EA 06 17 C8 GE BC 81 86 CG46:85 FC A9 G7 85 FD AQ A6 87 | C276:DG 62 E6 FE E6 FB DG G2 76 | C4AG:85 BD GC BD BA GE GF FF ES C@48:85 FE Bl FB 91 FD E6 FD 92 | C278:E6 FC A5 FD C9 FD D@ EA 18 | C4A8:7D EA 62 G7 26 21 DA E4 7C C@50:DG8 G2 E6 FE E6 FB D@ 62 52 | C280:A5 FE C9 A2 DG E4 28 FD 54 | C4BG:GD G7 FF 7D 78 85 Gl GB 36 CG58:E6 FC A5 FB C9 E8 DG EA 7F | C288:AE 26 8A AD 26 F7 B7 AS 8F | C4B8:22 CF E5 OO GA 14 El 64 CC CG6G:A5 FC C9 97 DG E4 AX BB BB | C29G:14 8D EC C2 A5 15 8D EB D5 |c4c@:A5 85 A4 81 F417 81 80 B2 CG68:85 FB A9 D8 85 FC AY EF D1 | C298:C2 AX GB 8D E7 C2 78 AI A7 | C4C8B8:GG GB BG Gl 86 66 BG 4G 18 C076:85 FD A9 AS 85 FE Bl FB 8B | C2AG:AB 8D 14 63 AX C2 8D 15 9A | C4D6:00 GE G1 BC 74 AT 79 AG OA C678:91 FD E6 FD D@ 62 E6 FE 5A | C2A8:03 58 68 AS C5 CD E8 C2 26 | c4p8:9C 2C 9E 35 32 39 39 35 DC C680:E6 FB D®@ 62 E6 FC AS FB 21 | C2BG:FO 20 8D E8 C2 C9 46 FO AS | C4EG:GG 35 BB BH BO BB OB BO B7 C688:C9 E8 D@ EA AS FC C9 DB 82 | C2B8:19 C9 64 DB 15 AD 8D G2 47 | C4E8:2E 4F 42 4A 22 2C 38 2C AB CG96:D6 E4 A2 86 BD BG DGB 9D 35 | C2CG:DG 10 AD E7 C2 49 G2 8D B3 | C4FG:31 GG GG GH BB BB BB GB 13 C698:D7 AD E8 EO 2F D@ F5 BA FF | C2C8:E7 C2 FO G3 4C BG CH 4C 71 | C4F8:GG GG BB BH BG GG GB BG 82 CGAG:8E 06 AE AJ 36 85 Gl A2 C7 | C2DG:2E Cl 4C 31 EA 78 AQ 31 38 | C5GG:G8 BG GB GB BB GG GB GG BB CGA8:62 BD GG AG 95 BG EB EG B4 | C2D8:8D 14 63 AY EA 8D 15 63 DF | C5G8:08 GG BO BB GB BG BB GB 93 C@BG:D9 DG F6 A2 F3 BD 66 AG 93 | C2EG:A9 BG 8D E7 C2 58 68 GH AZ |C510:66 BG BG GB BG BG BB GO 9B COB8:95 66 E8 EG FB D@ F6 AY EA | C2E8:04 46 GG G3 EA FF 94 FF 31 |C518:00 66 OG GO GB BB GG BG AZ C6CG:EB 85 FB A9 AG 85 FC AX 72 | C2FG:G6 AA Bl 91 B3 22 22 GB DA |C52G:08 BG BG GB GO BG BB GB AB COC8:FF 85 FD A9 @@ 85 FE Bl CB | C2F8:98 4C O60 FF G6 64 GB BH Al |C528:06 BG GB GB BG BG BG GO B3 C@DG:FB 91 FD E6 FD D@ G2 E6 G1 | C36G:G2 OO 7F CB 19 16 GG BA 66 |C536:G6 GBB BH GO GG BG GB GB BB COD8:FE E6 FB D@ @2 £6 FC AS 6B | C308:76 A3 G4 EA BB GB GB GB 3B | C538:G68 BG GB GB BB BG GB BB C3 CGEG:FB C9 6D D@ EA AS FC C9 3F | C316:76 A3 B3 BD 51 BG GB BB 98 |C54G:G8 BG BB GB GB BG BG GO CB CGE8:A2 D@ E4 AE FC A2 AY 37 74 | C318:96 61 68 G1 C6 G1 C6 G1 BY | C548:496 BB BG GB BG BG BB BB D3 CGOFG:85 G1 9A A9 F6 8D 24 G3 9C | C320:C6 FF CF G6 OG FF CF FA 9F |C554:46 GG GG GB BG GG GB BB DB CGF8:A9 Cl 8D 25 03 AS 13 8D 36 | C328:FF FA @@ 4F GC 5C 4E D3 A5 | C558:98 BG BG GB GB BG AG GB 65 C190:77 @2 AY BD 8D 78 G2 AY Cl | C33G:17 G3 G2 53 41 24 18 1E 62 |C56G:GE F6 G4 GA GO G2 16 GO FO C108:02 85 C6 AQ 1A 8D G2 G3 6F | C338:18 FF GB GG GG GG 1E 18 81 |C568:GG 48 EB GG GB GG BG GB 83 C116:A9 C2 8D G3 63 A2 1A BS 87 | C340:90 63 4C B7 GB GBB 69 17 77 |C570:GG GO BB GB BG BG GG GO FB C118:D8 69 8G 95 D8 CA DG F7 3F | C348:62 17 GB GG BB BH GB BA DG |C578:G6 GB BH GB GO BG BO GB B4 C120:A2 @8 BD F7 67 9D EA C5 78 | C350:76 A3 19 GB BB BB BB 9B AF | C58G:GG AD 57 8D 24 B3 AY Fl AC C128:CA D@ F7 4C 31 EA A9 36 C7 | C358:CB 7A 6G GB GB 76 BB 8G BE |C588:8D 25 63 AD BB 85 15 AD B9 €130:85 G1 A2 @2 BD FD A2 95 EB | C36G:A3 E6 7A D@ G2 E6 7B AD 26 | C596:64 85 14 26 A6 AB 4C AE 53 C138:00 E8 EG FB D@ F6 AO FF 87 | C368:06 G2 C9 3A BO GA C9 26 Bl |C598:A7 BG BB GB BG BB GB BO F7 C146:85 FB A9 06 85 FC A9 F6 25 | C37G:FO EF 38 E9 3G 38 E9 DG 19 |c5AG:GG GB BG BA GB BB BG BB 2c

G-26 COMPUTE JULY 1992

C5A8: 06 C5BG: 08 CS5B8: 96 C5CO: 88 C5C8: 90 C5DG: 66 C5D8:96 C5EG:1A C5E8:96 C5FG:6B C5F8:9D C66G:Cl

ao ao ao Uy) ao Cs) ao A7 BO 8E F7 ao

UT) i) 1) 1) i) 6G 8B E4 DA 53 07 U1)

CALCULATOR.SPR

3E06:5E 3E68:BO 3E10:AA 3E18:00 3E26:06 3E28:06 3E30:06 3E38:00 3E40:AA 3E48:5E 3E5@:AA 3E58:60 3E69: 00 3B68:00 3E76:66 3E78:00 3E80:5E 3E88:5E 3E9G:AA 3E98:60 3EAG: 06 3EA8: 66 3EBO:00 3EB8:60 3ECG:6A 3EC8:5E 3ED@O:AA 3ED8:00 3EEG:08 3EE8:00 3EFO:9G 3EF8:06 3F66:55 3F08:BO 3F10:5E 3F18:BE 3F29:BG 3F28:5E 3F30:BE 3F38:BG 3F40:55 3F48:AA 3F50:5E 3F58:EA 3F60:AA 3F68:5E 3F7G:AA 3F78:AA 3F80:55 3F88:AA 3F90:55 3F98:FF 3FAG:AA 3FA8:5E 3FBQ:BE

SE BE BO Ui) Ct) ly) 6o 66 5E AA AA Cy) Vs) 1) C1) oo 5E BE AA Ut) Ui) 06 06 Ur) AS 6A AA 66 Ct)

Bo BE FF 06 oo ri) U)) 06 5E BE FF 66 1) 6o CI] i) 5E BE EE Cr) Vy) C1) Cr) 14) SE AB 7E 06 oo Cr) Cs) 66 50 AA 5E BO AA 5E Ba AA 55 AA EA BE AA AA BE AA 55 AA 55 FF AA SE BE

3FB8:AA AA AA AA 5A 5A 5A CO E8 3FC0:55 55 55 6A AA AA 6A AA 16 3FC8:AA 6A AA AA 65 55 55 65 C7

65 55 55 65 55 55 91 FF 6A AA AA 6A AA 33 AA AA 6A AS 5A 6A 58 6A AS 5E 6A A5 SE BF FE 6A AA AA 6A AA 95

3FF8:AA 6A AA AA 6A AS 5A A5 AB

DEMO

FF 28 POKE5328@,6:POKE53265,11

BA

PX

BJ

AX

QA

KK

36 46 56 66 76 86 96

166

116

126

136

146 156 166 161 162

163

164 165

166

167

168

169

116

:POKE53281,8:PRINT" {CLR} ":POKE53265,27 POKE147,6:SYS57812"POP-U P",8,1:SYS62631 POKE147,@:SYS57812"CALCU LATOR. SPR", 8,1:SYS62631

$Y$49752,1020:REM ENABLE POP-UP AND SET LINE TO {SPACE}BRANCH TO

A$="{RED}{13 SPACES}COPY RIGHT 1992"+CHRS (13) AS=AS$+"{4 SPACES}COMPUTE PUBLICATIONS, INTL, LTD "+CHRS (13)

AS=AS+"{1@ SPACES}ALL R IGHTS RESERVED":FORT=1T 06:AS=AS+CHRS (13) :NEXT BS="{YEL}{9 SPACES}POP~ UP DEMO PRESS <F1>":FOR T=1T06:BS=BS$+CHR$ (13) :N EXT FORT=1TOLEN (A$) : PRINTMI D$(A$,T,1);:FORDL=1T046 :NEXT:NEXT FORT=1TOLEN (BS) : PRINTMI D$ (B$,T,1);:FORDL=1T049 : NEXT: NEXT

GoTO12¢6

@ REM POP-UP CALCULATOR

O:

@ V=53248:POKEV+21,6:S=2 55:FORT=2640T02047:POK ET,S:S=S-1:NEXT

@ FORT=39T046:POKEV+T, 12 :NEXT: POKEV+37,15: POKE V+38,11:POKEV+28, 255

@ S=0:FORT=GTO6STEP2:POK EV+T ,32+S:S=S+48:NEXT

@ S=0:FORT=8TO14STEP2:PO KEV+T , 32+S:S=S+48:NEXT

@ FORT=1TO7STEP2:POKEV+T ,98:NEXT:FORT=9TOL5STE P2:POKEV+T, 140:NEXT

@ POKEV+29,255: POKEV+23, 255: POKEV+21,255

@ PRINT" {HOME}{5 DOWN}": FORT=1T07: PRINT" {RIGHT}{23 SPACES}":NE XT

@ POKEV+27,255:PRINT" {HOME}{7 DOWN}"TAB (15) "{2}C 7 8 9":PRINT

6 PRINTTAB(4)"{RED}M+ * {SPACE}+ %{3 SPACES}

sD

JG

1116

1126 1136 1146 1156 1166 1176 1186

1196 1206

1216

1226 1236

1246 1256

1266

1276

1286

1296 1366 1316 1326

1336 1346

1356

1366

1376

1386 1396

£2}. 4.5 6":PRINT PRINTTAB(4)"{RED}MR / {SPACE}- ={3 SPACES} {236 1 2 3"

GOSUB1286

RT=V:01S=O0P$ GOSUB1296:V1=V:02$=O0P$ IFO1$="+"THENRT=RT+V1 IFO1S$="—"THENRT=RT-V1 IFO1S="*"THENRT=RT*V1 IFO1$="/"ANDV1=@THEN12 16 IFO1S="/"THENRT=RT/V1 IFLEN (STR$ (RT) ) <12THEN 1236

PRINT" {HOME}{7 DOWN} {2 RIGHT}{6 SPACES}ERR OR":GETAS: IFAS<>" {HOME} "ANDAS<>"{CLR}"T HEN1216

GoTo112¢

PRINT" {HOME}{7 DOWN} {2 RIGHT}{1l1 SPACES}": PRINT" {HOME}{7 DOWN}"T AB (13-LEN(STR$(RT)))RT IFO2$<>"="THENO1$=02$: GOTO1146 POKE198,@:WAIT198,1:GE TAS: IFAS="="THEN1256 IFAS="+"ORAS$="~"ORAS=" *"ORAS="/"THENO1S=A$:G 0T01146 DS="":C=G:DP=G:2Z=0:GOS UB1319:GOTO1130

PRINT" {HOME}{7 DOWN} {2 RIGHT} {BLU}

{16 SPACES}@" DS="":BS="{11 SPACES}" :C=0:DP=6:2=0 POKE198,@:WAIT198,1:GE TAS IFAS$="{HOME}"ORAS=" {CLR} "THENCLR:GOTO1129 IFZAND (AS="+"ORAS="~"0 RAS="*"ORAS="/"ORAS="= ") THENOPS=AS$: V=VAL (DS) : RETURN

IFAS=". "ANDDP=GTHENDP= 1:GOSUB1370:GOTO1368 IFASC (A$) <480RASC (A$) > 570RC>9THEN130G IFAS="Q"ANDDP=GANDVAL ( D$) =@THENGOSUB1390:GOT 01308

DS$=D$+A$: PRINT" {HOME} {7 DOWN}"TAB (2) LEFTS (B $,11-LEN (DS) )D$:C=C+1: Z=1:GOT01300

IFVAL (D$) =@THENDS$="@": C=1:Z=1

RETURN

PRINT" {HOME}{7 DOWN} {2 RIGHT}{1@ SPACES}6" :Z=1:RETURN

Richard Penn is a prolific Commodore Programmer who lives in Montreal, Que- bec, Canada.

JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-27

PROGRAMS

MIMIC 128

By Joseph Sheppard | set out to design this diversion just to show my parents that all my hours in front a computer weren't a waste of time. Mimic 128 does a good job of showing off how easy it is to use the 128's sound and graphic commands in BASIC. Mimic 128 is asimple but entertaining game that's similar to the hand-held elec- tronic game Simon Says. The computer lights one of four colored panels at ran- dom and plays a corresponding musical tone. You're to press the joystick up, down, left, or right to light the same pan- el in response. If you're successful, the computer will repeat the sequence, add- ing an additional panel each time to the series. The object is to mimic the comput- er, lighting the same sequence of panels.

Entering the Program

Mimic 128 is written entirely in BASIC 7. To help avoid typing errors, enter the program with The Automatic Proof- reader; see “Typing Aids” elsewhere in this section. Be sure to save a copy of the program to tape or disk before you exit Proofreader.

High Scores

For those with a competitive nature, Mimic 128 has a high-score sequential file named MM.HS that keeps track of the best player's name, date, and the number of panels he or she has prop- erly responded to. The first time the pro- gram is run, MIMIC searches for this file. Since no such file exists, the first player will beat a high score of 0. The first player is guaranteed a spot on the disk for at least one session, no matter how badly he or she plays.

Tape Support Players using tape drives should mod- ify the OPEN statements in lines 35 and 30120 to ,1 instead of ,8. Also, tape users should immediately play a game to establish the high-score file di- rectly behind the section of tape where the game file has been saved. After you finish a game, the comput- er will check to see if you made the high score. If so, you'll be asked for the appropriate information. After a game, you'll be presented with a menu whose choices consist of Try again,

G-28 COMPUTE JULY 1992

Continue, and End. Select Continue if you wish to continue with the current game. The computer won't accept a high score based on the continuation of an old game, however. Try again starts a new game, and End returns you to BASIC.

One last note: Be sure to explore the sound capabilities of your machine. Feel free to alter the sound envelopes, producing different tones and sounds for each panel. You can also make the final sound of the game (the one gen- erated when you mess up) a little less dramatic and frightening.

MIMIC 128

MM 5 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 - COMP UTE PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

CG 16 DIM MD$(6) ,MC(60) ,MCS(6 6) QR 20 COLORG,1:COLOR4,1 EE 30 PRINT" {CLR}":PRINT"DIFFI CULTY LEVEL (1-EASIER TO 5-BORING) ":GETKEYDL RE 32 IFDL<1ORDL>5 THEN30 FG 35 OPEN2,8,2,"MM.HS,S,R" RB 36 INPUT#2, ZNS$(1),22$(1),2 D$ (1) PG 37 DCLOSE MB 38 22(1)=VAL(2Z$(1)) SJ 66 PRINT" {CLR}":FORZ=1T012: PRINT: NEXTZ: PRINT" {12 SPACES}SETTING UP BO ARD":PRINT"{1@ SPACES}TE N SECONDS, PLEASE.":SLEE P2 QE 70 FAST RR 89 GOSUB1G00G HP 98 SLOW QS 166 NT=RND(TI) :NT=INT(RND (1 )*44+1) XA 116 NTS=STRS (NT) RQ 126 IFNT=1THENNNS="C":X=17: Y=9:C=6 QX 136 IFNT=2THENNNS="D":X=26: ¥=12:C=7 JK 140 IFNT=3THENNNS="E":X=17: ¥=15:C=8 PX 15@ IFNT=4THENNNS="E":X=9:Y =12:C=3 EF 166 MSS=MSS$+NN$ FK 176 COLOR2,2:FORZ=1T0600:NE XTZ:GOSUB26608 SA 186 AS="" KS 190 FORT=1TO (LEN (MSS) ) MM 206 MC(T)=JOY (2) MX 202 IFMC(T)=1THENMCS (T)="C" :X=17: C=6:GOTO219 GD 263 IFMC(T)=3THENMCS (T)="D" :X=26:Y=12:C=7:GOTO21G QS 204 IFMC(T)=5THENMCS (T)="B" :X=17:Y=15:C=8:GOT0210 JA 265 IFMC(T)=7THENMCS (T)="F"

:X=9:Y=12:C=3:GOTO216

KJ

SQ GG Qu

MH

HQ

SH

FB

AR

EH

Gc

AQ

GR ED DG ES SB GD AB FR

RB KK

266 216 226 221 222 224 226

234 236 238 246

243 996

994 995

996

997 998

16600

10601

16665 16160

16116 16126

161306

10146

16266

16216 16226 16236 16248 16258 16368 16999 20068

20168 20116

GOTO266

IFMC$ (T) <>MDS$ (T) THEN24G CHAR2,X-1,Y,"CORRECT" PLAYMCS (T) FORZ=1TODL+75:NEXTZ COLOR3,C CHAR3,X-1,¥,"{7 SPACES} "1

AS=AS+MCS (T)

NEXTT

IFAS$=MSSTHEN1GG SOUND2,2500,60,2,2470,2 71,3048

SOUND3, 2600,50,2,,3,3 PRINT"YOU GOT";LEN (MS$) ~1; "CORRECT !": SLEEP3 IFQQ=GTHENGOSUB30000 FORZ=1T024: PRINT: NEXTZ: INPUT"{BLU}DO YOU WISH {SPACE}TO (T)RY AGAIN, ( C)ONTINUE{3 SPACES}OR ( E)ND";MS IFMS$="T"THENQQ#G: PRINT: PRINT: PRINT:AS="":MS$=" "PRINT: PRINT: PRINT :GOT 0108 IFMS$="C"THENQQ=1: PRINT: PRINT: PRINT: GOTO176 GRAPHICG,1:END

REM ***{2 SPACES}GRAP HIC SETUP{2 SPACES}** *

REM ***{2 SPACES}PLAY ING BOARD{2 SPACES}** *

GRAPHIC4,1,23:COLOR1, 2 WIDTH2:DRAW1,28,46TO7 3,46T078,53T083,46TOL 27,46T0142,75T0142,12 370127,152T083,152T07 8,145T073,152T028,152 7T014,125T014,747T028,4 6:WIDTH1 DRAW1,51,66T0105,66TO 85,90T071,90T051,66 DRAW1,72,169T084,109T 0164,132T051,132T072, 109 DRAW1,95,937T0115,75TO 129,75T0129,123T0115, 123T095,105T095,93 DRAW1,61,105T061,93TO 41,75T029,75T029,123T 041,123T061,165 COLOR1,16:COLOR2,3:CO LOR3,7 PAINT2,50,100,1 PAINT3,101,106,1 COLOR2,6:COLOR3,8 PAINT2,60,75,1 PAINT3,75,120,1 CHARL,17,12,"MIMIC" RETURN

REM{2 ‘SPACES}***

{2 SPACES}LIGHT UP PA NEL{2 SPACES}*** FORT=1TOLEN (MSS)

MDS (T) =MID$ (MS$,T,1)

GH 26120 HD 261386 JD 26146 BD 26142

NEXTT

FORT=1TOLEN (MSS) PLAYMDS (T)

IFMDS (T) ="C"THENX=17:

Y=9:C=6

IFMDS (T) ="D"THENX=25:

¥=12:C=7

IFMD$ (T) ="E"THENX=17:

Y=15:C=8

IFMDS (T) ="E"THENX=9 2 Y

=12:C=3

CHAR2,X,Y,"PRESS"

FORZ=1TODL*106:NEXTZ

COLOR3,C

CHAR3,X,Y,"{5 SPACES} "1

NEXTT

RETURN

MS=LEN (MS$) -1 IFMS<ZZ(1) THENRETURN

GRAPHICG,1 PRINT" { RED }CONGRADULA

TIONS! YOU HAVE JUST {SPACE}BEAT THE

{2 SPACES}PREVIOUS RE

CORD OF"

PRINT"{GRN} ";ZZ(1);" {RED} SET BY {GRN}";Z N$(1);" {RED}ON {GRN} ";ZDS(1);"{RED}"

GETKEYAS

PRINT: INPUT"WHAT IS Y

OUR NAME"; ZNS (1) INPUT"WHAT IS TODAY'S DATE"; ZDS (1)

22 (1) =MS:GS$=CHR$ (13) PRINT: PRINT" {BLU }ONE {SPACE}MOMENT; SAVING SCORES..." SCRATCH"MM.HS"

OPEN2,8,2,"MM.HS,S,W" PRINT#2, ZNS(1) GS 22 (1) G$ zD$(1)

DCLOSE

GRAPHIC4,G, 23

RETURN

DD 26144 QH 20146 XC 26148

RQ 26156 KM 26160 QB 20176 AS 26180

ER 26199 FG 26199 JP 36069 EM 36010 QD 36629 DK 36636

BF 36646

CX 360656 RA 36066

ER 36676

PA 36086 JB 36196

RP 36116 RJ 36126 EE 36130

Qs 30146 HK 36156 AD 36160

Joseph Sheppard lives in West Fork, Arkansas.

SPEEDPURGE

By Daniel Lightner

SpeedCheck is a popular utility program that checks for misspelled words in any SpeedScript word processing document. It examines text word by word, compar- ing words in the document with entries in its dictionary. If the program comes across a word it doesn’t recognize, it high- lights the word on your screen so that you can correct any misspellings imme- diately. If SpoeedCheck comes across a correctly spelled word that isn't in its dic- tionary, it will also highlight that word. These new words can then be added to

SpeedCheck's dictionary. As you work with SpeedCheck, you can create your own personalized dictionary disks, which may contain thousands of words.

Words on the SpeedCheck dictionary disk are kept in sequential files, with one file for each of the 26 letters of the alpha- bet. As new words are added, they are tacked onto the end of the appropriate file. This makes adding words to the dic- tionary fast and simple, but it makes look- ing up words slower because words are added in random—rather than alphabet- ical—order. Within the file for Z, for exam- ple, zebramight be found between zymur- gy and zipper.

The only way to find a particular item in randomly ordered data is to search se- quentially from the first item until the de- sired item is found. Thus, when Speed- Check looks up a word, it must hunt through all the words with the same initial letter before it can determine whether or not that word is present.

People who use SpeedCheck know how easy it is to have dictionary files con- taining duplicate words. SpeedCheck's Disk Manager program can help, but it's difficult to find duplicates if there are many words between them. Sometimes there may be three or four duplicate words hogging space on the disk, slow- ing down SpeedCheck.

Purging files manually for duplicate words can be a tedious task for a human, but it's an ideal chore for a computer. SpeedPurge is just such a utility. It search- es SpeedCheck dictionary files for dupli- cate words and deletes them.

Entering the Program

SpeedPurge is a fairly short BASIC pro- gram. To help avoid typing errors, how- ever, enter the program with The Auto- matic Proofreader. See “Typing Aids” elsewhere in this section. When you've finished typing, be sure to save the pro- gram to disk.

Purge Your Files

SpeedPurge is easy to use; just load and run it. When you're ready to start, place the disk containing the Speed- Check dictionary files in drive 8. SpeedPurge prompts for a filename, and you enter the letter of the alphabet that represents the file that you wish to check. For example, press A to check the A file and B to check the B file.

SpeedPurge reads the file into an ar- ray and converts it to ASCII format. Then it checks the entire file for dupli- cate words. When SpeedPurge finds a match, it displays the word and the lo- cations in the file where the match was found. Then it deletes one of the pair. It then continues searching until anoth- er match is found or until the entire file has been checked. When it has fin- ished checking the file, SpeedPurge asks whether or not you wish to save the corrected file. Obviously, if no matches were found, there would be no need to save the file. Press N if you don't want to save it; press Y if you do.

After it has finished saving the file, SpeedPurge asks if you wish to check another file. Type Y to continue check- ing files or N to exit SpeedPurge.

SPEEDPURGE

SH 5 REM COPYRIGHT 1992

HK 16 REM COMPUTE PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD

REM ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

CLR: DIMAS (500) :OPEN15,8,

15

PRINT" {CLR} {DOWN}

{12 RIGHT}{7}SPEEDPURGE {2 DOWN}"

POKE53280,0:POKE53281,0

INPUT" {BLU}FILE {RED} (A-

Z) {BLU}";F$

IFLEN (FS) >1THEN25

IFASC (FS) <650RASC (FS) >99

THEN25 ,

OPEN2,8,2,"0:"+FS$+",S,R" :GOSUB225:BS=FS$:X=1: POKE

781,2:SYS65478:SYS65487

SY¥S65487:A=PEEK (780) IFA>127THENA=A-64 :BS=BS+

CHRS (A) :A$ (X) =BS:BS=F$:X

=X+1:GOTO8G

IPA=39THEN75 IFA<64THENA=A+64

BS=BS$+CHRS$ (A) IFST=@THENSS

CLOSE2: POKE781,0:SYS6547 8:X=X-1

Z=1

IT=G6: PRINT" {DOWN} {7}":FO RT=ZTOX:AS=AS (T) : PRINT" {UP}{8 SPACES}{8 LEFT}";

T;"-";X:FORR=1TOX IFAS=AS$ (R) THENIFR<>TTHE NGOSUB226 NEXTR,T IFIT=QTHEN125 IFIT=XTHENX=X-1:GOTO95 FORT=ITTOX~1:A$(T) =AS$ (T +1) :NEXTT: X=X-1:GOTO95 PRINT" {BLU}":FORT=1TOX: PRINTT;A$(T) :A$(T)=RIGH TS (AS$(T) ,LEN(AS(T) ) -1)

MP 15 RG 26

PK 25

EG 36 EC 35

XR 46 PD 45

Ps 56

BG 55 KA 66

CR 65 DH 76 gM 75 QJ 8a QE 85

KS 96 PQ 95

EQ 196

FS 165 KA 119 AG 115 RP 120

FA 125

JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-29

PROGRAMS

130 BS="":FORR=1TOLEN (AS (T) )-1:A=ASC (MIDS (AS(T),R, 1)) :IPA>63THENA=A~64 BS=BS$+CHR$ (A) :NEXTR:A=A SC (RIGHTS (A$ (T),1)) :A=A +64:BS=BS+CHR$ (A)

AS (T) =B$:NEXTT

PRINT" {DOWN} {7}SAVE THI S FILE {RED}Y/N"

GETAS$: IFAS=""THEN150 IFAS="N"THEN19@ IFAS$<>"Y"THEN159 PRINT#15,"SG:"+F$:GOSUB 236 OPEN2,8,2,"6:"+FS+",S,W ":POKE781,2:SYS65481: PO KE786,13:SYS65490 FORT=1T0X:FORR=1TOLEN (A $(T)) :AS=MIDS (A$ (T) ,R,1 ) SA=ASC (A$) : POKE786,A SYS65496 NEXTR,T:CLOSE2: POKE781, 3:SYS65481:GOSUB238 PRINT" {DOWN} {3}FINISHED "

PRINT" {DOWN}{7}DO ANOTH ER FILE {RED}Y/N" GETAS: IFAS=""THEN200 IFAS="Y"THEN29 IPAS="N"THENCLOSE15:END GOTO298 PRINT" {DOWN} {BLU} FOUND {SPACE}A MATCH! {RED}"; CHRS (34) ;A$(R) ;CHRS (34) 7" {BLU}";T;"{RED}& {BLU}";R

Z=T: IT=R:T=X:R=X: RETURN INPUT#15,EN,EMS,ET,ES PRINT" {DOWN} {RED} "EN;EM $;ET;ES: IFEN>1THENCLOSE 15:STOP

RETURN

135

146 145

156 155 168 165

176 175

186 185

199 195

266 265 218 215 226

225 2306 235

MF 240

Daniel Lightner programs and raises Himalayan cats in Sidney, Montana.

ALPHABETIZER

By Todd Piltingsrud As many 64 and 128 programmers know from experience, original and pub- lic domain programs can quickly fill up your disk library. Finding a desired file is no problem when there are only a few pro- grams on a disk, but when file after file scrolls by during a directory listing, it can be a hassle. Wouldn't it be easier if all files were in alphabetical order? Alphabetizer was written as a solution to that problem. It reads a disk directory, reorganizes it, and then saves it back to disk in alphabetical order. The directory stays in alphabetical order until you add additional files or programs. Alphabetizer consists of two pro-

G-30 COMPUTE JULY 1992

grams. The main program is in BASIC. To help avoid typing errors, enter it with The Automatic Proofreader. See “Typing Aids” elsewhere in this section. Be sure to save a copy of the program before you exit Proofreader.

This program loads a short machine language program. You'll have to use MLX, our machine language program, to enter it. Save it with the name ALPHA.ML, as this is the name used by the BASIC pro- gram. When MLX prompts, respond with the following values.

Starting address: C000 Ending address: C147

Putting Disks in Order

Using Alphabetizer is simple. After run- ning it, select a disk you want to alpha- betize and place it in the drive. Press A to alphabetize it or press D to see its directory. When you have finished, press Q to quit.

ALPHABETIZER

CP 1 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 ~ COMP UTE PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 5 IFPEEK (49152) <>16@THENLOA D"ALPHA.ML",8,1 16 PRINT"{CLR}"TAB(11)" {DOWN} {AP AAAARRR RRR RRR ¢s}" PRINTTAB(11)"-A ~ ALPHAB ETIZE-":PRINTTAB (11) "-D {SPACE}~ DIRECTORY {2 SPACES}-" PRINTTAB(11)"-Q - QUIT {7 SPACES}~":PRINTTAB (11 )"{ZPRRRRRR HR RH RH REREX SN POKE56, 142:CLR:DIMFPS$ (14 4) ,SP$(144) ,SS%(144) GETA$: IFAS="A"THENSG IFAS="D"THENSYS49411:GOT 0680 IFAS<>"Q"THEN3G PRINT" {CLR}"; :END PRINT"{DOWN}READING DIRE CTORY"; :OPEN1,8,15,"I":G OSUB66G:CLOSE1] SYS49152:11=PEEK(7):PRIN TI1"FILES" PRINT" {DOWN}ALPHABETIZI NG": FORT=1TOI1:SP$(T)=S PS$(T)+FPS$(T) :NEXT N=I1:LI=1:B (LI) =N+1:M=1 J=B (LI): I=M-1: IFJ-M<3TH EN366 MI=INT ((I+J) /2) I=I+1: IFI=JTHEN326 IFSP$ (I) <=SP$ (MI) THEN27 6 J=J-1: IFI=JTHEN320

CG

QB

HQ 26

HS 25

27

38 46

66 76 86 96 236 246 256 266 276 286

296

366 316 328 336 346 358 366 378 386 3968

408

416

426 436 449 458 460 476 486 496 506 516 526

536 540

556

560 668

676 680

696

766

IFSPS$ (J) >=SP$ (MI) THEN29 g SPS=SP$(I):SP$(I)=SPS$(J ) :SP$ (J) =SP$:GOTO276 IFI>=MITHENI=I-1 IFJ=MITHEN350 SPS$=SP$(I):SP$(I)=SP$(M I) :SP$ (MI) =SPS LI=LI+1:B (LI) =I:GOTO250 IFJ-M<2THEN396 IFSPS$(M) <SP$ (M+1) THEN39 6 SPS=SPS$ (M) :SPS(M) =SP$ (M +1) :SP$(M+1)=SP$

M=B (LI) +1:LI=LI~1:IFLI> OTHEN250 FORT=1T011:FP$(T)=RIGHT $(SPS$(T) ,5):SP$(T) =LEFT $(SPS$(T) ,27) NEXT OPEN1,8,15,"I":GOSUB66G :OPEN8,8,8,"#":I2=1:PRI NT" {DOWN}WRITING DIRECT ory"

PRINT#1,"B-P"; 8; 0 C=@:READS: IFI1-I2<8THEN PRINT#8 ,CHRS (@) CHRS$ (255 )7:GOTO458 PRINT#8,CHRS$ (18) CHRS(S)

; PRINT#8,RIGHTS (FPS$(I2), 3) ;:GOTO476

PRINT#8,FPS (12); PRINT#8,SPS$ (12); IFI2=I1THEN5S1@ 12=12+1:C=C+1: IFC<8THEN 466

READS: PRINT#1,"U2";8;0; 18;S:GOTO420 AS="":FORT=1T032:AS=AS+ CHRS (6) :NEXT C=C+1:IFC=8THEN546 PRINT#8 ,AS; :GOTO526 READS: PRINT#1,"U2"; 8; 6; 18;S:CLOSE8:SYS49411:GO TO68B

DATA 4,1,7,4,10,7,13,16 ,16,13,2,16,5,2,8,5,11, 8,14,11,17,14,3,17,6,3, 9,6

DATA 12,9,15,12,18,15,0 718 INPUT#1,A,B$,C,D:IFA=@T HENRETURN

PRINTA;BS;C;D CLOSE1: PRINT" {DOWN} PRES S RETURN"

GETAS: IFAS<>CHR$ (13) THE N690

RUN

ALPHA.ML

CO18:GE C@26:DG C828:62 CO36:29 C638:85

68 20 EC CO 8E 85 c8 De CPE FE C8 DG 91 62 Cl 38 A2 04

66 62 06 AS 63 19 E9 66

85 26 FO 90 91 co 8D G2

D8 DD OF 13 8E 99 E6 DE

16 2F Ut) AG c8 85 DD 69 95 ag 0) 53 ry) 85 Bl 91 AS 1) FB 91 F8 DG FF BD cé D7 19 AA 84 AS D7 Da cc

F9 85 Bl @2 Bl 3 98 GA 04 63 75 Do 86 FB FB 03 FC Ag 69 65 Ag C4 Ag FF BE. AA FA 98 D3 FF AA D2 FF

4c 63 63 18 63 4c ce 95 66 18 4 A2 o7 AQ FG c8 91 1B g5 26 26 66 62 20 AG AG 48 A4 26 26 AS Ag oo

CG4G:CA CG48:A5 CG5G:AG CG58:15 CG6G:48 CG68:68 CG7G:G3 CO78:G3 CG8G:GG CO88:68 CO9G:A9 C898:DG CGOAG:A2 CGA8: G6 COBG: G2 COB8:05 CO6CB:CB COC8:AG CODG:A5 COD8:FC COEG:A2 CGE8:G2 COFO:BA CGF8:26 C166:4C C108:20 C116:88 C118:68 C126:66 C128:26 C136:26 C138:62 C149:4C

24 85 co 65 85 c8 18 G4 2c 95 66 48 co FC ao 91 87 c8 c8 E6 ca AA AG A2 EC A5 FF 1c E6 De 04 c3 66

87 46 48 BS E8 6D FS 98 06 3c 99 7D G2 CA B3 51 31 cB 79 DB AG 21 55 4F 80 pc FE 78 4B 12 8B 2E 1D

Todd Piltingsrud has subscribed to Ga- zette for three years and has never seen a utility that alphabetizes a direc- tory. So he wrote one. He lives in New Richland, Minnesota.

DUPLICATE 1541

By Daniel Lightner

When you want to copy files from one disk to another with Commodore BASIC, you must first load a file, swap disks, and then use the SAVE command. This proc- ess can become tedious when you copy a disk that contains numerous programs and files,

Unlike some computers, the 64/128 doesn't come with a built-in DISKCOPY command. Using a utility program to do the job for you is one way around this problem. Duplicate 1541 is just such a util- ity. With it and a 1541 disk drive, you can make exact copies of any floppy disk that isn't copy-protected.

Typing It In

Duplicate 1541 is written entirely in ma- chine language, but it loads and runs like a BASIC program. To enter it, use MLX, our machine language entry pro-

gram; see “Typing Aids” elsewhere in this section. When MLX asks for start- ing and ending addresses, respond with the following values.

Starting address: 0801 Ending address: ODA8

When you've finished typing in Dupli- cate 1541, be sure that you save a copy of the program to disk.

Making Copies Before attempting to copy a disk, it's a good idea to place a tab over its write- protect notch. This is just a precaution in case an accident occurs during the copy process.

When you run Duplicate, it'll prompt you to place the source disk in drive 8. This is the disk that you wish to copy. After you press the space bar, Dupli- cate 1541 reads the disk name and ID and starts reading sectors into memo- ry starting at track 1. When the comput- er's memory is filled, the program will prompt you to place a target disk in the drive. Remove the source disk, place a blank disk in the drive, and press the space bar.

Your blank disk doesn’t have to be formatted; Duplicate 1541 automatical- ly formats it for you. To copy an entire disk, this process must be repeated three more times. You'll be prompted when to swap disks.

Duplicate 1541 isn’t exactly a speed- ster, but it'll get the job done. To boost the copying speed a bit, the pro- gram blanks the screen and sets the 1541 to 1540 mode. If your disk has on- ly a few files on it, copying them man- ually may be faster .

Duplicate 1541 will inform you when the copying process is complete. You'll then be asked if you wish to make more copies. If you do, tap the Y key. Press the N key, and Duplicate 1541 will return your computer to BASIC. When it has finished all of it's tasks, Du- plicate 1541 restores the screen and re- turns the drive to 1541 mode.

DUPLICATE 1541

9861:0B G8 C8 G869:31 G6 GG @811:D9 8D 21 @819:FE 85 G1 @821:CC FF AQ

36 26 29 26 26

9E rt) 78 20 8D

32 oo AS 91 B2

30 8D 61 @B G2

76 3A A3 2D 2a

07 a6 DG 58 26

@831:6F 9839:B9 G841:6B 9849:20 G851:93 G859:A8 G861:AE 9869:00 O871:FO G879:12 0881:E8 G889:93 G891:34 G899:E3 G8A1:43 @8A9:C3 @8B1:20 @8B9:20 G8C1:0A @8C9:99 @8D1:01 @8D9:EC @8E1:EB @8E9:EB @8F1:EB @8F9:20 G9G1:26 6969:206 @911:29 @919:GA @921:09 G929:69 9931:05 9939:06 9941:69 9949:6F 9951:B9 6959:67 @961:FF @969:A2 @971:CF G979:F6 G981:6A 9989:CB @991:C7 @999:4C G9A1:69 G9A9:2G 99B1:93 G9B9:A8 GOIC1:AE G9C9:88 G9D1:96 G9D9:26 @9E1:A9 G9E9: 00 @9F1:CO G9F9:AE GAG1:F9 @AG9:CB @A11:C7 @A19:4C GA21:99 @A29:CF GA31:61 @A39:CF GA41:A9 GA49:A5 GA51:6D

JULY 1992 COMPUTE

ca 08 26 20 26 AG AG co 03 38 8E 26 20 20 6B 6B E3 43 A2 26 20 20 20 OB 6B 6B OB E3 43 43 A2 A2 4c Ag oo co AE F9 20 Da 3c cD cD GA 43 G8 26 26 26 AG co EE FF AG c8 26 De cD cD GA A2 8D 69 8D FF 20 Da co

59 71 26 9c 95 BF 7A F9 D6 46 CA 22 46 @D 59 1D GE 99 59 BG 1lF 56 24 DB E5 D2 Fl 92 A2 B2 8A 32 86 3c 6E Fl 8B 45 18 5c 66 77 64 7A 83 18 DA B4 E7 7E cc 68 B2 4D OB EG 6D 63 DA F3 65 99 93 B7 45 E7 86 cD 58 6A

G-31

PROGRAMS

GA59:30 GA61:FF GA69:FF @A71:F5 @A79:FF @A81:6D GA89:FF GA91:62 GAI9:E5 GAA1:6E GAA9: BA @AB1:A8 @AB9:A9 @AC1:A9 GAC9:FB @AD1:62 GAD9: 66 GAE1:FC GAE9:85 GAF1:B9 @AF9:2C @BO1:D0 GBG9:AG @B11:C8 @B19:20 @B21:8D @B29:A9 6B31:60 @B39:CO @B41:62 0B49:10 @BS1:FF @B59:A0 @B61:C8 @B69:20 @B71:20 GB79: 20 @B81:4E GB89:79 GB91:AG @B99:CB GBA1:A2 GBA9: G2 @BB1:4C GBB9:A9 @BC1:37 @BC9:8D @BD1:AG @BD9:08 @BE1:FF @BE9:GA @BF1:8D GBF9:G2 @CO1:CF GCO9:66 @C11:65 6C19:G2 GC21:GC 6C29:0F 9C31:56 GC39:98 gC41:8D GC49:AD @c51:61 @C59:GA GC61:8C 9C69:62 @C71:262 @C79:12 @C81:19

G-32

FO G2 G2 CA 64 G2 26 BL 1A 23

1F Ut)

AB AG c8 Ag 26 AQ AG c8 68 62 B9 BG FF gc FF 18 FC 85 46 D2 E4 6B 6c FS 1l 68 26 26 4c AD Ag B9 6c iE) 6G ce i) 59 FC 6D FS 26 62 4E 63 34 34 FF BA c3 6c 7D 8D 6c 8E A2 B3 FD AD 62 cg BS 65 c4 E8 BO 4 66 68 I)

COMPUTE JULY 1992

Cl) 23 31 32 32 26 20 6D 1c 9A 26 56 41 55 45 26 45 26 26 4F 26 26 4F 56 @D 56 31 43 54 20 26 54 54 26 48 52

14 55 38 26 26 36 36 9A 53 44 44 52 43 54 54 49 26 53 26 4D 21 4D 54 59 96 4c 35 4F 26 43 56 49 4c 41 54 56

14 31 26 31 36 26 55 26 4F 49 52 45 45 26 26 4E 1c 58 43 58 21 41 48 3F 93 49 34 58 31 4F 55 4P 26 4c 53 45

14 26 38 34 20 42 49 26 55 53 49 53 6D 1c 9A 20 56 41 4F 4c 21 4B 45 26 @D 43 31 59 39 4D 42 4E 4c 4c 26 44

12 32 42 34 55 2D 2D 58 52 4B 56 53 9A 54 44 44 52 43 56 45 @D 45 52 1c 26 41 @D 52 39 58 4c 53 54 26 52 @D

1l 26 2D 55 32 56 55 55 43 26 45 26 26 41 49 52 45 45 59 54 @D 26 20 59 20 54 9A 49 32 55 49 20 44 52 45 @D

ahh 30 56 ie 26 26 49 54 45 49 26 53 29 52 53 49 53 @D 20 45 9A 41 43 2F 44 45 26 47 @D 54 43 49 @D 49 53 EA

6C89: 68 GC91:10 9C99:26 @CA1:26 GCA9: 26 @CB1:32 GCR9: 32 @CC1: 2B @CC9:26 @6CD1: 28 @CD9:4E @CE1:1C GCE9:50 @CF1:56 @CF9:47 0D01:4B 6D09:56 6D11:53 @D19:96 @D21:43 @D29:44 @D31:20 6D39:4E OD41:4F 6D49:4E @D51:55 @D59:26 @D61:26 @D69: 48 @D71:26 @D79:45 @D81:41 6D89:4E @D91:26 @D99:47 @DA1:45

Daniel Lightner is a regular contributor who lives in Sidney, Montana.

RAILROAD SOLITAIRE

By Donald G. Klich Have you ever been caught up in a sim- ple game that’s so challenging that you have a hard time turning it off? Railroad Solitaire for the 128 is just such a game. This card game for one person was originally created to be used as a pas- time while traveling by train, since little space was available for conventional games of solitaire. The object of the game is ultimately to discard the entire deck while working with only the four cur- rently dealt cards.

Typing It In

Railroad Solitaire is written entirely in BA- SIC 7.0 and works with a 40-column screen. To help avoid typing errors, en- ter it with The Automatic Proofreader; see “Typing Aids” elsewhere in this sec- tion. Be sure to save a copy of the pro- gram before you exit Proofreader.

Playing a Hand

You may discard the middle two cards of the set of four that appear onscreen if the bracketing cards are of the same suit or value. If all four cards match in suit or value, then all four can be discarded, If you can't play, you must request an- other card. This card is placed at the right-hand side of the screen, and the card on the left is moved offscreen and temporarily “lost.” When discards occur, lost cards from the left move back to fill the spaces. If you're lucky enough to have insufficient lost cards to fill in from the left, new cards will be dealt to fill in from the right.

Onscreen prompts will tell you which keys to press to discard or re- quest cards. Unlike solitaire played with actual cards, this computerized version won't let you cheat or make an improper move.

When you've gone through the deck, discarding all that you can, the game will end, and you'll be in- formed of any remaining cards. You'll then have the opportunity to play again and better your score,

Be prepared for long hours of play to beat the odds. It took the au- thor an hour to win, just so he could test all the logic involved.

RAILROAD SOLITAIRE

EQ 16 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 ~ COM PUTE PUBLICATIONS INTL L TD ~ ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

PR 26 REM S$ CONTAINS SUIT CHA RACTERS

MJ 36 REM SS$ CONTAINS SUIT PI XELS

KH 4@ REM C CONTAINS SUIT COLO RS

CX 58 REM VS CONTAINS CARD LAY OUT DATA

SB 6@ REM DN CONTAINS DECK CAR D VALUES

FJ 78 REM DS CONTAINS DECK CAR D SUITS

BF 8@ REM WN CONTAINS WORK CAR D VALUES

KB 98 REM WS CONTAINS WORK CAR D SUITS

GH 100 REM DP/WP ARE THE DECK/

WORK POINTERS

119 DIMS$(4) ,V$(13) ,DN(52), DS (52) ,WN(52) ,WS(52):TS =52:0=0

126 C(@)=11:C(1)=1:C(2)=11: C(3)=1:C(4) =2

long

QH

GQ

GB

QG HE MH EP FQ AD

HS

JG

SA

BF

FA RK KE MJ BE

SH

DB

HA

KK

MQ QG

136

146

156 166 176 186 196 208

216

226

236

248

256 266 276 286

296

366

316 328

336 346

350

368 376

S$ (@) =CHR$ (154) :S$(1)=C HRS (152) :S$(2) =CHRS (147 ) :8$ (3) =CHR$ (129) :S$(4) =CHRS$ (64) FORI=6TO51STEP13:FORJ=0 T012:DN(I+J) =J:DS(I+J)= 1/13:NEXTJ:NEXTI V$(G)="A 63681656563236 "

V$(1)="2 04681656563216 3256" V$(2)="3 @50681656563216 32563236" V$(3)="4 66681656562416 461624564056" V$(4)="5 67081656562416 4016245640563236" V$(5)="6 68681656562416 46162456405624364036" V$(6)="7 69681656562416 46162456405624364036324 6" V$(7)="8 16081656562416 40162456405624364036324 63227" v$(8)="9 110681656562416 46162456405624294029244 340433237" V$ (9) ="1612681656562416 40162456405624294029244 3404332223250" v$(10)="J3. 6268165656" vS(11)="Q 6268165656" v$(12)="K 6268165656" v$(13)="{2 SHIPT-SPACE} aa" COLORG, 2:COLOR1,1:COLOR 4,2:GOSUB840:WIDTH2:GRA PHIC2,1,21 FORI=6T03:CHAR1,@,16,S$ (1) :DRAW1,3,82T04, 82704 , 83103, 83: SSHAPESSS (I) , 6,80,7,87:NEXTI:CHAR1,6 ig," * REM ****SHUFFLE DECK PRINT" {BLK}{7 SPACES}I' M SHUFFLING THE DECK":F ORI=1T0166:F=INT (RND(1) *51) :T=INT (RND(1)*51) :B N=DN (F) :BS=DS (F) :DN(F) = DN(T) :DS (F) =DS (T) :DN(T) =BN:DS (T) =BS:NEXTI REM ****INITIAL SETUP FORDP=@T03:WN (DP) =DN (DP ) :WS (DP) =DS (DP) :NEXT: WP =DP:GOSUB770 PRINT" {BLK}ENTER {CYN}C {BLK}T0 RECEIVE A CARD “":PRINT"ENTER {CYN}2 {BLK}TO DISCARD THE MID DLE CARDS": PRINT"ENTER {SPACE}{CYN}4 {BLK}TO D ISCARD ALL CARDS":IFDP> 52THEN57@ GETKEYZ$:1FZ$<>"C"THEN4 20 IFDP=52THENS76:ELSE:GOS UB466:GRAPHIC2,1,21:GOS UB776:GOTO350

RB

EP

DR

BH

GQ

380 396 408

416

426 436

440 456 466

476 486 496 548 516 520 536 546

556 566

576

586 596

660 610 620

638 646 656 660

6708

680

REM ****ROUTINE TO READ A CARD IFDP>=52THENWN (WP) =13:W S (WP) =4:WP=WP+1: RETURN WN (WP) =DN (DP) :WS (WP) =DS (DP) :DP=DP+1:WP=WP+1:RE TURN REM ****ROUTINE TO REMO VE MIDDLE CARDS IFZS<>"2"THEN47@ IFWN (WP-4) =WN (WP~1) THEN 456 IFWS (WP-4) <>WS (WP-1) THE NSOUND1,4000,5:GOTO356 WN (WP~3) =WN (WP-1) :WS (WP -3) =WS (WP-1) :WP=WP-2 IFWP>3THENGRAPHIC2,1,21 :GOSUB770:GOTO350:ELSEG OSUB396:GOTO468 IFZ$<>"4"THENSOUND1, 468 @,5:GOTO350 REM ****ROUTINE TO REMO VE ALL FOUR CARDS IFWN (WP-4) <>WN (WP-3) THE N526 IFWN (WP-3) <>WN (WP-2) THE N520 IFWN (WP-2) =WN (WP-1) THEN WP=WP-4:GOTO469 IFWS (WP-4) <>WS (WP-3) THE N556 IFWS (WP~3) <>WS (WP~2) THE N556 IFWS (WP~2) =WS (WP-1) THEN WP=WP-4:GOTO46G SOUND1,4066,5:GOTO356 REM *****SAVE SCORE ROU TINE SOUND1,8600,5:PRINT" {BLK}GAME OVER. YOU HAD ";WP-Q;" CARDS REMAINI NG": IFWP-Q<TSTHENTS=WP—

Q

PRINT"YOUR BEST SCORE I : ‘ems

PRINT"PLAY AGAIN? Y aN": GETKEYZ$: 1FZ$="Y"TH ENGRAPHIC2,1,21:GOT0320 IFZ$="N"THENEND: BLSE570 REM ****DISPLAY A CARD COLOR1,C(S) :CHAR1,X+1,¥ +1,MIDS$ (V$(V) ,1,2) :IEFV= OTHENCHAR1, X+6,Y+8 ,MIDS (VS (V) 1,2) :ELSECHAR1,X +7,¥+8 MIDS (V$(V),1,2) X=X*B:Y=¥*8 FORI=@TO ( (VAL (MIDS (V$ (V ),3,2)))-1) *4STEP4 GSHAPESS$(S) ,X+VAL (MIDS (VS (V) ,5+1,2)) ,Y+VAL (MI DS(VS$(V),7+1,2)) :NEXTI COLOR1,1:BOX1,4+X,4+Y,6 7+X,75+Y:COLOR1, 8: IFV<> 1OTHEN698

CIRCLE], 36+X,40+Y,12,16 190,270:CIRCLE1,36+X,40 +¥,4,8,90,276

DRAW1, 40+X,40+YTO4G+X,2 4+Y¥TO48+X,24+YTO48+X, 40

GR HM

HH

CG BP

DE

sx

BS

MM

SG

DM BP

FD

XM

FF

AB

AB

FC

696 708

716

726 736

748

756 766 776

786

796 808

819 820

830

846

858

860

+¥:DRAW1, 24+X,40+YTO32+ X,40+¥:PAINT1,28+X,44+¥ :GOTO756 IFV<>11THEN726 CIRCLE], 36+X,40+Y,12,16 :CIRCLE1], 36+X,40+¥,4,8: PAINT1, 28+X,40+¥ DRAW1, 36+X,54+YTO40+X,6 6+YTO47+X, 60+YTO39+X,51 +¥:PAINT1,44+X,58+¥:GOT 0758 IFV<>12THENRETURN DRAW1, 24+X,56+YTO24+X,2 4+YTO32+X,24+¥TO32+X,56 +¥TO24+X,56+Y¥:PAINT1, 28 +X,28+Y:DRAW1, 32+X, 36+¥ TO4G+X, 244+¥TO48+X, 24+¥T 032+X,44+Y¥:PAINT1,44+X, 26+Y DRAW1, 32+X,36+YTO4G+X,5 6+YTO48+X, 56+YTO36+X, 32 +¥:PAINT1,40+X,48+Y WIDTH1:BOX1,19+X,16+Y¥,5 2+X,63+Y:WIDTH2: RETURN REM ****DISPLAY THE WIN Dow FORZ=G6T03: V=WN (WP-4+Z) = S=WS (WP-4+2Z) :X=10*Z:Y=5 : IFV=13THENQ=Q+1 GOSUB626:NEXTZ: IFQ=4THE N82¢ IFQ<>2THENRETURN IFWN (WP-4) =WN (WP-3) THEN 826 IFWS (WP-4) =WS (WP-3) THEN 826 PRINT"{5 SPACES}YOU WIN 11111":SOUND1,16000,5:G o0T059¢ REM ****GAME INSTRUCTIO NS GRAPHICG,1: PRINT" {RED} {5 DOWN}{11 SPACES}RAIL ROAD SOLITAIRE": PRINT" {BLU} {2 DOWN}THIS GAME {SPACE}WAS INVENTED FOR PLAYING ON A":PRINT"TR AIN WHERE SPACE TO SPRE AD OUT IS RARE." PRINT" {DOWN} THE IDEA O F THE GAME IS TO DISCAR D THE":PRINT"CARDS THAT ARE BETWEEN END CARDS {SPACE}OF THE":PRINT"SA ME VALUE OR SUIT. {2 SPACES}ALL FOUR CARD S CAN" PRINT" BE DISCARDED IF {SPACE}THEY ARE OF THE {SPACE} SAME": PRINT" VALU E OR THE SAME SUIT.":PR INT" IF THERE IS NO PLA Y GET THE NEXT CARD.":P RINT"{3 DOWN}PRESS ANY {SPACE}KEY TO START"

EH 870 GETKEYZS:RETURN

Donald G. Klich lives in Mount Pros- pect, Illinois.

JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-33

PROGRAMS

a ES EN IY ENS OIA SY 5 TIENT STG ERIN SET EL!

128 GRAPHIC DUMP

Donald G. Klich Here are two programs similar to the 128 text screen dumps submitted by Bruce Bowden (Screen Dump 128, December 1991). Rather than working with text, how- ever, these programs will dump bitmap- ped graphic screens to your printer. While you can't scale the pictures you send toa printer, you may select either of two different-sized printouts. Graphic Small prints a picture that is 40 x 25 characters in size, and Graphic Large prints one 80 x 50 characters. Both of these utilities are easy to install and use. They're also fairly short, so it won't take you long to type them in.

Typing It In Graphic Small and Graphic Large are both written in BASIC. To help avoid typ- ing errors, enter the programs with The Automatic Proofreader; see ‘Typing Aids" elsewhere in this section. Be sure to save copies of your programs before exiting Proofreader.

Printing Pictures

Load and run either program as you would a normal BASIC program. When you run either program, there will be a slight pause, and then the READY prompt will return. The programs use function keys f1, f2, and f3 and put ma- chine language code in locations $1300- $13AS. After you run one of the pro- grams, you can then load and run an application that contains a graphic screen. When you reach the point that you'd like a printout of the screen, press the Stop key. Make sure your print- er is turned on and ready.

Small Pictures

If you're using Graphic Small, proceed by pressing f1. (Be sure your printer is turned on and ready.) The screen will be garbled and then go blank. At this point, press f2. Shortly after that, your picture will start to print. When the print- out is complete, the picture onscreen will be ungarbled.

Large Pictures

To use Graphic Large, load and run the program and then run your graph- ics program as above. Press f1 and f2 to start the printing process, but press

G-34. COMPUTE JULY 1992

f3 when the printing is complete to re- turn to the applications program. You can continue with your graphics pro- gram by entering a CONT command.

These programs have been tested only on a Seikosha SP1000A and an Ep- son FX-80 printer, but they should work on other graphics printers, too. Make sure any printer interface you may be using is set for transparent mode.

For those interested in modifying these programs for other printers, two printer-control commands are used in lines 60 and 70 in Graphic Small. The first instructs the printer to suppress the vertical spacing between lines, and the second precedes each print-line set to instruct the printer to print in graphics mode. Note that abbreviated commands (uppercase characters) are used at times so that the required BA- SIC code will fit in the special area re- served for function key definitions.

GRAPHIC SMALL

EQ 10 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 - COM PUTE PUBLICATIONS INTL L TD ~ ALL RIGHTS RESERVED REM GRAPHIC SCREEN PRINT ER FOR COMMODORE 128

REM THIS PROGRAM, ONCE A CTIVATED WILL DUMP THE C URRENT GRAPHICS SCREEN REM TO THE PRINTER DEVIC E 4.{2 SPACES}IT IS ACTI VATED BY THE Fl AND F2 K EYS,

REM IN A 40 BY 25 CHARAC TER DISPLAY KEY1,"OP1,4:PR1,CH(27)CH (65) CH (8): SY¥S4864:FAST"+ CHRS (13) KEY2,"FOA=8192T016191STE 320: PR1,CH(27)CH(42)CH(4 )CH (64) CH (1) ;:FOB=6T0319 :PR1,CH (255-PEE (A+B) RL: NE: SLOW: SYS4864:CL O1:END"+CHRS (13) KEY3,""sKEY4,"":KEY5,""s KEY6,"":KEY7,"":KEY8,"" FORQ=4864T04987:READZ$:P OKEQ,DEC(Z$) :NEXT

GB 166 DATA 18,96,13,00,06,06, 66,60,08,00,00,18,18,18 ,FF,FF,18,18,18,86,00,0 6,A9,00,85,FB,A9,26,85, FC,AG@,@8,A2,00,B1,FB,99 ,03,13,C8,C@,08,D0,F6,A 6,00,18,AD,15,13

DATA 1E,03,13,69,00,E8, EG,@8,F0,07,0A,8D,15,13 ,4C,2E,13,99,0B,13,A2,0 @,8E,15,13,C8,CG,08,D6,

CG 26

SK 30

Ix 46

AB 50

SM 66

JX 76

GC 86

EB 908

HP 116

DE,A2,06,A9,06,B9,0B,13 ,91,FB,EA,C8,CG,08,D6,F 5,A9,06,18,A9,98

DATA 65,FB,85,FB,A9,@0, 65,FC,85,FC,C9,3F,D0,07 1A5,FB,C9,40,D6,01,60,4 C,22,13

GRAPHIC LARGE

EQ 16 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 ~ COM PUTE PUBLICATIONS INTL L TD - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED REM GRAPHIC SCREEN PRINT ER FOR COMMODORE 128 REM THIS PROGRAM, ONCE A CTIVATED WILL DUMP THE C URRENT GRAPHICS SCREEN REM TO THE PRINTER DEVIC E 4, IT IS ACTIVATED BY {SPACE}THE Fl, F2 AND F3 KEYS REM IN A 8@ X 5@ CHARACT ER DISPLAY KEY4,"":KEY5," KEY7,"":KEY8, KEY1,"OP1,4:PR1,CH(27)CH (65)CH (8): SYS4864:FAST:A $=CH (27) +CH (42) +CH (4) +CH (128) +CH (2) :D=252:E=251:, F=255"+CHRS (13) KEY2,"FOA=8192T016191STE 326: FOC=1T02: PR1,CH (13); OB=GT0319:POKE, (F-P EE (A+B) ) : POK253,C:SYS498 8:PR1 ,CH (PEE (D)); 7CH (PEE ( D))7:NEB,C, AN +CHRS (13) KEY3, "SLOW: SYS4864: cLol" +CHR$ (13) JP 108 FORQ=4864T05629:READZS: POKEQ, DEC (Z$) :NEXT DATA 18,90,13,00,00,00, 66,60,06,00,00,18,18,18 ,FF,FF,18,18,18,00,00,0 6,A9,00,85,FB,A9, 20,85, FC,AG,06,A2,06,B1,FB,99 193,13,C8,C6,68,D0,F6,A 6,00,18,AD,15,13 DATA 1E,63,13,69,00,E8, EG,08,F6,07,8A,8D,15,13 ,4C,2E,13,99,6B,13,A2,6 G,8E,15,13,C8,C0,08,D0, DE,A2,00,A0,08,B9,0B,13 191,FB,EA,C8,C0,68,D0,F 5,A0,00,18,A9,08 DATA 65,FB,85,FB,A9,06, 65,FC,85,FC,C9,3F,D0,07 1A5,FB,C9,48,D6,61,60,4 C,22,13,A5,FD,C9,01,FG, 98,96,FB,06,FB,06,FB, G6 +FB,A9,06,85,FC,A2,04,1 8,86,FB,98,06,A9 DATA 93,05,FC,85,FC,CA, FO,97,06,FC,06,FC,18,96 1EB, 66

SM 126

CG 29 SK 38

EA 46

RC 58

FG 66 sKEY6,""s:

ES 76

KE 88

BS 96

cG 116

DE 126

JP 136

FD 146

Donald Klich, who lives in Mount Pros- pect, Illinois, is the 128 programmer who wrote Railroad Solitaire.

QUIZ WIZ

By Rizwaan Ahmed Khan

Quiz Wiz is a program for creating mul- tiple-choice quizzes on the 64. The pro- gram is so easy to use that even a begin- ner can use it without reading the instruc- tions. Just select the menu options.

Quiz Wiz lets the parent or teacher en- ter questions and answers on a variety of subjects. The program then creates a quiz in multiple-choice format with the cor- rect answer and three wrong answers for each question. It provides the correct an- swers and a score when the student fin- ishes the quiz.

When you enter a question and an- swer, you aren't required to supply three possible answers as alternate choices. The program asks the question and then supplies the correct answer along with three other choices that it selects at random from the other answers you've en- tered. The correct answer is never in a pre- dictable location.

Entering the Program

Quiz Wiz is written entirely in BASIC. To help avoid typing errors, enter it with The Automatic Proofreader; see “Typing Aids” elsewhere in this sec- tion. Be sure to save a copy of the pro- gram before you exit Proofreader.

Make New Entries

When you first run the program, select the option to make new entries. You're then prompted to choose a subject. If the subject you want isn't on the screen, press the Up Arrow key and de- fine the subject of your choice.

You may then enter questions and an- swers. Each question and answer is al- lowed a maximum of 80 characters. To exit during the input process, press the @ key and then press Return.

Continue Making Entries

Note the menu. If you wish to continue making entries, select the appropriate choice. If you select the option to make new entries, all work in memory will be erased.

Correction Mode

You can flip through your entries by pressing the < and > keys. When you find the question you want, press Re- turn, and a small menu will appear.

This menu will allow you to fully edit or delete your entries. In this mode, you can rename the topic chosen by press- ing the R key.

In correction mode you cannot enter the main menu by pressing the @ key. In this mode, you can use the cursor keys for more editing potential. After you've made any corrections, press Re- turn to exit to the main menu.

Saving Files

When you've entered a minimum of four questions and their answers, you may then save your file. Save files by selecting that option from the main menu. If you try to save a file with a name that is already on the disk, the earlier version will first be scratched.

Loading Files

Load a saved file into memory anytime you want to take a quiz. Any entries that may still be in memory will be erased. After loading, you're automat- ically quizzed in multiple-choice format. To see a directory at any time, press the D key.

Scratching Files

Select this option from the main menu to erase any file on disk. You need on- ly enter the filename to have the pro- gram erase it.

Quiz Time A quiz begins right after loading, but if you've entered at least four questions, you can take a test immediately. Press the Commodore key; then press the let- ter next to the answer of your choice. If you answer incorrectly, the correct answer will be displayed for a short time. At the end of the quiz, your mis- takes will again be displayed. You can flip through them by pressing Return. This process lets you review your er- rors for as long as you wish. After re- viewing the final mistake, the comput- er will display your score. You may then exit to the main menu by pressing f1 or take the quiz again by pressing the Commodore key.

Adding New Entries

You can exit the quiz at any time by pressing f1. To enter more questions, select the option from the menu to con- tinue making entries.

Tape Support

Users with tape drives can easily alter the program to suit their needs. Change the OPEN commands in lines 390 and 1007 to tape format. Then de- lete lines 62, 80, 915, 930, 935, 980, 982, 985, 986, 987, 990, 992, 993, 995, and 997. These lines contain the routines for calling the disk directory and for scratching files.

QUIZ WIZ

ME 8 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 COMPUT E PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DIMDS (286) :DIME$ (200) :DIM FS (49) : PRINTCHRS (8) : PRIN TCHRS (14) PRINT" {CLR} {WHT}{2 DOWN} {4 SPACES}{RVS} {11 SPACES}{YEL}QUIZ WIZ {WHT}{14 SPACES}":PRINT" {6 SPACES}MENU:" XD 10 PRINT" {DOWN}{6 SPACES} {YEL}{RVS}PRESS (1) TO M AKE NEW ENTRIES.":POKES3 281,2:POKE53280,6 IFES (4) <>""THENPRINT" {DOWN}{6 SPACES} {RVS} {YEL}PRESS (2) TO SAVE E NTRIES." PRINT" {DOWN}{6 SPACES} {RVS}{YEL}PRESS (3) TO L OAD ENTRIES.":IFES(1)="" THEN3G PRINT" {DOWN} {6 SPACES} {RVS}{YEL}PRESS (4) TO C ONTINUE{OFF}{19 SPACES} {RVS}MAKING ENTRIES." IFES (1) <>""THENPRINT" {DOWN}{6 SPACES}{RVS} {YEL}PRESS (5) FOR CORRE CTION MODE." PRINT" {DOWN} {6 SPACES} {RVS}{YEL}PRESS (6) TO S CRATCH FILES." PRINT" {DOWN} {6 SPACES} {RVS}{CYN}PRESS Fl TO RE TURN TO MENU. {DOWN}" PRINT"{12 SPACES}BY {2 SPACES}RIZWAAN KHAN" PRINT" {HOME}{2 DOWN}":FO RI=1T019: PRINT" {WHT} {4 RIGHT}{+}{31 RIGHT} {+}{3 RIGHT}";:NEXT PRINT"{4 SPACES}{RVS} {33 SPACES} {OFF}"; GETAS: IFAS="5"THENIFES (1 )<>""THENJ=1:GOTO715

PB 1

xg 15

XD 26

FX 25

cQ 38

BD 46

BB 60 IFAS="1"THEN94G

HA 62 IFAS="D"THEN98G

AG 65 IFAS="2"ANDES (3) <>""THEN 360

MG 70 IFAS="3"THEN435

JX 72 IFA L"THEN1696

AF 75 IFAS="4"THENZES="1":GOTO

JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-35

PROGRAMS

xs

.G-36

166

198

191

E95) 245

246 247

258

255

175 IFAS="6"THEN915 IFPEEK (56321) =223ANDES (4 ) <>""THENM=1:W=1:Q=8:GOT 0526 GoTOS5 PRINT" {OFF} {CLR} {HOME} {3 DOWN}{1¢ SPACES}{PUR} {RVS}DEFINE SUBJECT" PRINT" {DOWN} {11 SPACES} {WHT }1) MATH" PRINT" {DOWN}{11 SPACES} 2) ECONOMICS" PRINT" {DOWN} {11 3) SCIENCE" PRINT" {DOWN} {11 4) HISTORY" PRINT" {DOWN} {11 5) GEOGRAPHY" PRINT" {DOWN} {11 6) ENGLISH" PRINT" {DOWN} {11 SPACES} J)OTHER{2 SPACES}" IFAS="1"THENNS="M OTO175 IFA$="2"THENNS="ECONOMI cs":GOTO175 IFA$="3"THENNS="SCIENCE ":GOTO175 IFAS="4"THENNS="HISTORY ":GOTO175 IFAS="5"THENNS="GEOGRAP HY":GOTO175 IFAS="6"THENNS="ENGLISH ":GOTO175 IFAS$=CHRS (133) THENDBS=" "3GOTOS IFAS$="{7"THENINPUT"SUBJE CT";NS$:GOTO175 GOTO138 PRINT" {CLR} {BLU} {RVS} {46 SPACES}":IFDBS="1"T HENDBS="":GOTO5 IFZES="1"THENX=X+1:ZES= un PRINT" {GRN} {HOME} {RVS} {SPACE}QUESTION NUMBER" X"{YEL}SUBJECT:"NS"" PRINT" {WHT } {HOME } {2 DOWN}{5 SPACES}ENTER QUESTION (@ TO QUIT)" {3 SPACES}:POKE53280,2 IFDB$="1"THENPRINT" {YEL}{HOME}{3 DOWN} {2 RIGHT}"DAS"": PRINT" {HOME}{3 DOWN}"; INPUTDS (X) : IFDS (X) ="@"A NDDBS$="1"THEN196

SPACES} SPACES} SPACES}

SPACES}

IFDS (X) ="@"ANDX<>1THENX =X-1:ZE$="1":GOTO5

IFDS$ (X) ="@"ANDX=1THENS IFDBS="1"ANDDS (X) <>""TH

ENDS (X) =LEFTS (D$ (X) ,8@ :GOTO845

IFDS (X) <>""THENDS (X) =LE FT$ (D$(X) ,88) :GOTO275 PRINT" {CLR} {HOME} {BLU} {RVS}{48 SPACES}":GOTOL

COMPUTE JULY 1992

KD

HH

KE

PR

275 276 280 285

296 335

346 366

396 395 406

465

416

415 430

431

435

449 445 459 526

525

536 535

549

545

85 PRINT: PRINT" {HOME } {13 DOWN} {WHT} {DOWN} {4 SPACES}ENTER ANSWER" IFDBS$="1"THENPRINT" {YEL}{HOME}{15 DOWN} {2 RIGHT}"EAS"": PRINT" {HOME}{15 DOWN}"; INPUTES (X) : IFES (X) ="@"A NDDBS="1"THEN275 IFDBS="1"ANDES (X) <>""TH ENES (X) =LEFTS (E$(X) ,8@) :GOTO845 IFES (X) ="@"THENS IFES (X) <>""THENES (X) =LE FT$(E$(X) ,80) :X=X+1:GOT 0175 GOTO275 NAMS="": PRINT" {CLR} {DOWN} TYPE IN FILE NAM E TO SAVE": INPUTNAMS:IF NAMS=""THEN5S K$="":OPEN7,8,0,NAMS:IN PUT#7 ,KS$: IFKS=""THENCLO SE7:GOTO485 CLOSE7:PRINT"{2 DOWN} S CRATCHING OLD FILE.":FT $="SO:":FTS=FTS+NAMS OPEN15,8,15,FT$:CLOSE15 OPEN7,8,1,NAMS$: PRINT" {CLR} {HOME}{6 DOWN} {6 SPACES}{WHT}SAVING : "NAMS"": PRINT#7,NS: PRI NT#7,X FORJ=1TOX: PRINT#7,D$(J) :=NEXTJ:ZES="1" FORJ=1T0X: PRINT#7,ES (J) :NEXTJ:CLOSE7 :M=1:FX=9: Q=G PRINT"{CLR} {HOME} {11 DOWN}{6 SPACES}*** {SPACE}DATA HAS BEEN SA VED ***" FORI=1T0200G:NEXTI:GOTO 526 PRINT"{CLR} {RVS} {WHT} {DOWN} LOAD ERASES ANY {SPACE}WORK IN! MEMORY. {4 SPACES}ARE YOU SURE {SPACE} (Y/N) " GETAS: IFAS="N"THENS IFAS="Y"THEN100G GOTO44G ZX=X: PRINT" {CLR} {HOME} {SPACE} SCORE={RVS}"Q" {OFF} {4 SPACES}QUESTION NUMBER={RVS}"W"{OFF}" PRINT"TOTAL NUMBER OF Q UESTIONS="X"": POKE53280 7 6:POKE53281,6 PRINT" {YEL} {RVS} {40 SPACES}"; PRINT"{UP}{3 SPACES} {RVS}SUBJECT : "NS"" PRINT" {WHT } QUESTION: {GRN} {RVS}"DS (M) "{OFF} {DOWN}";FS Y=INT (4*RND(1)) +1

RA

BR

GP

558

555 556 566 562

565 567

568

576 571

S572

575 576

577

586 581

582

585 599

595

660

665 619

615 628

625

636

T=INT ( (X+1-1) *RND(1)) +1 :U=INT ((X+1-1)*RND(1))+ 1:V=INT ((X+1-1) *RND (1) +1

IFES (M) =E$ (T) ORES (M) =ES (U) ORES (U) =ES$ (T) THEN55& IFES (V) =ES (M) ORES (V) =E$ (T) ORES (V) =E$ (U) THEN55@ IFY=1THENS75 IFY=3THEN5S70 IFY=2THEN5S8@ PRINT"{RVS}{WHT}A {8}"E $(T)"{DOWN}": PRINT" {RVS}{WHT}B {8}"ES(U)" {DOWN}": PRINT" {RVS} {WHT}C {8}"ES(V)"{DOWN} "

PRINT"{RVS}{WHT}D {8}"E $(M) "{DOWN}":LS="D":GoOT 0585 PRINT"{RVS}{WHT}A {8}"E $(T)"{DOWN}" PRINT"{RVS}{WHT}B {8}"E $(U)"{DOWN}" PRINT"{RVS}{WHT}C {8}"E $(M) "{DOWN}":LS="C": PRI NT"{RVS}{WHT}D {8}"ES(V )"{DOWN}":GOTO585 PRINT" {WHT} {RVS}A {8}"E $(M)"{DOWN}" PRINT"{RVS}{WHT}B {8}"E $(T)"{Down}" PRINT"{RVS}{WHT}C {8}"E $(U) "{DOWN}":LS="A": PRI NT"{RVS}{WHT}D {8}"ES(V )"{DOWN}":GOTO585 PRINT" {WHT}{RVS}A {8}"E $(U)"{DOWN}" PRINT" {RVS}{WHT}B {8}"E $(M) "{DOWN}" PRINT"{RVS}{WHT}C {8}"E $(T)"{DOWN}":LS="B": PRI NT"{RVS}{WHT}D {8}"ES(V )"{DOWN}":GOTO585 GETAS$: IFAS=""THEN585 IFAS=CHRS (133) THENFX=6: Q=8:GOTO5 IFAS<>"A"ANDAS<>"B"ANDA $<>"C"ANDAS<>"D"THEN5S85 IFAS=LSTHENQ=Q+1: PRINT" {WHT}{2 SPACES}{RVS}COR RECT! 1"; :FORJ=1T0500:NE XTJ:GOTO616 GOTO655 M=M+1: LEW=ZXTHENAD=FX-1 :FX=G:GOTO886 W=W+1:GOT0520 PRINT" {CLR} {HOME} {2 DOWN} {OFF}{WHT} You {SPACE} SCORED{WHT} {RVS} "Q"{OFF}OUT OF{WHT} {RVS}"X"{OFF} QUESTIONS ":POKE53281,3 IFX/2<=QTHENPRINT" {2 DOWN}{2 SPACES}{RVS} YOU PASSED!":GOT0632 PRINT" {DOWN} {RVS} SHAME ON YOU, YOU FAILED!!!"

HR

HF

DS GP

KS EP

FD

ES

BE

AH

JX

RG

EB

JH HR

BF

632 635

646 645

658 655

660

665

676

675

686

685

696

691 715

726

725

736 735

746

741 743 745 758 755 766 765

776 775

PRINT" {DOWN} {RVS}PRESS ‘Pl' TO EXIT." PRINT" {DOWN} {RVS} PRESS {SPACE}COMMODORE KEY TO DO THE TEST AGAIN":GOT 0646 GETA$: IFAS=CHRS (133) THE N5 IFPEEK (56321) =223THENM= 1:W=1:Q=0:GOT0520 GOTO64B PRINT" {RVS} INCORRECT! {OFF} THE ANSWER IS":FS$ (FX) =D$ (M) :FX=FX+1:FS$ (F X) SES (M) :FX=FX+1 IFY=1THENPRINT"{RVS}A {OFF} "ES (M)"";F$:GOT067 5 IFY=2THENPRINT"{RVS}B {OFF} "ES (M)"";F$:GOT067 5

PRINT"{RVS}C {OFF}"ES$(M )"";F$:GOTO675 FORJ=1T02: POKE54276,0:P OKE54277,@:POKE54272,0: POKE54296,15 POKE54277,129: POKE54276 123 POKE54273,137:POKE54272 ,43:NEXTJ:FORI=1T01500: NEXTI:GOTO610 POKE1024,82:POKE1625,65 :POKE1626,75:POKE1027,7 2: POKE1028,65:POKE1029, 78

GOTO585 PRINT" { YEL} {CLR} {HOME} {RVS}{11 SPACES}CORRECT ION MODE{14 SPACES}"; PRINT" {RVS}{WHT} TOTAL QUESTIONS ENTERED="Xx"" :POKE53281,6: POKE53280, 2

PRINT" {RVS}{CYN}QUESTI ON NO."J"{GRN}SUBJECT:" NS"{DOWN}"

PRINT" { YEL} {RVS}QUESTIO N:{8}"DS (J) "": PRINT PRINT" { YEL} {RVS} ANSWER: {8}>"ES(s)""

PRINT" {DOWN} {RVS}{YEL} PRESS'<>'TO FLIP THROUG H ENTRIES."

PRINT" {RVS}{WHT}PRESS' RETURN'FOR CORRECTION." PRINT" {RVS}{WHT}PRESS' R'TO RENAME SUBJECT." GETAS: IFAS=CHRS$ (13) THEN VB=X:X=J:DB$="1":GOTO78 8

IFAS=", "THEN782 IFAS=CHRS (133) THENDBS=" ":GOTO775 IFAS="R"THENAS="""; DBS=" 1":GOTO95 IFAS=","THEN785

GOTO745 IFVB>OTHENX=VB:GOTOS

sD

XK

EE

PM

cs

FP

XE

788 782

783 785 786 788 796 795 868

805

815 826 825 838 836

846 845

850 855 869 865

876

875

886 885

896

895

900

965 916 915

926

GoTOS IFJ=XTHENJ=1:GOTO715 J=J+1:GOTO715 IFJ=1THENJ=X:GOTO715 J=J-1:GOTO715 PRINT" {DOWN} {6}{RVS}PL EASE SELECT -~ {3 SPACES}"

PRINT" {RVS}(1) ALTER Q UESTION."

PRINT" {RVS}(2) ALTER A NSWER.{2 SPACES}™ PRINT" {RVS}(3) ALTER B OTH.{4 SPACES}"

PRINT" {RVS}(4) DELETE {SPACE}BOTH.{3 SPACES}" : DAS=DS (X) : EAS=ES (X) GETAS: I1FA$="1"THENS=1:P RINT" {CLR}":GOTO196 IFAS="2"THENS=2: PRINT" {CLR}":GOTO275 IFAS="3"THENS=3: PRINT" {CLR}":GOTO196 IFAS="4"THENMK=VB-J: DBS ="":GoTO86G IFAS$=CHRS (133) THENDBS=" ":X=VB:GOTO5 GOTO815 IFS=10RS=2THENX=VB: DBS= "":GOTO5 IFS=3THENS=S+1:GOT0275 X=VB:DB$="":GOTO5 IFJ=1ANDES (J+1) =""THENR UN IFES (J+1)=""THEND$(J)=" "3ES (J) ="":VB=VB-1:X=VB :GOTO5 PRINT" {2 DOWN}

{2 SPACES} {WHT} DELETING +..." 2FORI=1TOMK:AD$=D$ (J+1) :AVS=ES$ (J+1)

DS$ (J) =ADS:E$ (J) =AVS$:J=J +1:NEXTI:VB=VB-1:X=VB:E $(J)=""sD$ (J)="":GOTOS IFFS (FX) =""THEN620 PRINT" {CLR} {OFF} {HOME} {2 DOWN} {BLK}THE ONES {SPACE}YOU GOT WRONG AR E-{DOWN}":POKE53281,1 PRINT" {RED}QUESTION - {SPACE} "FS$ (FX) "";FS:FS ( FX) =""3PX=FX+1 PRINT" ANSWER - "FS (FX) ""SPS:FS (EX) ="":PRINT" {2 DOWN} {RVS}{CYN}PRES S RETURN"

GETAS: IFA$<>CHRS (13) THE N9GG IFAD=FXTHENFX=@: GOT0620 FX=FX+1:GOTO886 PRINT" {CLR} {DOWN} NAME {SPACE}OF FILE TO SCRAT

CH": INPUTFRS$: IFFRS=""TH

ENS PRINT" {DOWN} INSERT DIS K CONTAINING FILE AND P RESS{3 SPACES} {RVS}RETU RN"

PQ AE

RS

XX

MH

EK EK

BR

HB

gc

925 936 935

946

945 956 955 966 965

979

980

982

985

986

987 988

996

992

993 995

997

GETAS:IFAS$<>CHRS$ (13) THE N925 PTS="SO:":FTS=FTS+FRS:0 PEN15,8,15,ET$:CLOSE15 PRINT"{2 DOWN} {2 SPACES}{RVS}{WHT}FIL E HAS BEEN SCRATCHED":F ORI=1T03000:NEXTI:GOTOS PRINT" {CLR} {DOWN} {WHT} {SPACE}{RVS}MAKING NEW {SPACE}ENTRIES WILL ERA SE ANY OLD{OFF} {3 SPACES} {RVS}ENTRIES {SPACE}IN MEMORY" PRINT" {RVS}{WHT}ARE YO U SURE (Y¥/N)" GETAS$: IFAS="N"THENS IFAS="Y"THEN965 GOTO958 CLR: DIMD$ (500) :DIMES (56 6) :X=1:GOTO95 PRINT" {DOWN} {2 SPACES} {RVS}FILE NOT FOUND":OP EN15,8,15,"UJ":FORI=1T0 2008:NEXTI:CLOSE15:RUN I=1: PRINT" {WHT} {CLR}":0 PEN2,8,0,"S":GET#2,AS:G ET#2,AS IFI=22THENI=1:GOT0992 GET#2,L$:GET#2,L$:1FST= 64THENCLOSE2:GOTO992 GET#2,LB$:GET#2,HB$:LN= ASC (LBS+CHR$ (G))+256*AS C (HBS+CHRS (8) ) PRINT LN; GET#2,AS: IFA$=""THENI=1 +1: PRINTCHRS (13) ;:GOTO9 82 PRINTAS; :GOTO988 PRINT" {DOWN} {RVS}PRESS ANY KEY" GETAS: IFAS=""THEN993 IFST<>64THENPRINT" {CLR} ";GOT0985 GOTO5

1068 CLR:DIMD$ (2G) :DIMES (2

1965

1667 1668

1609

1616

1612

GG) :DIMFS (400) : PRINTCH RS (8) : PRINTCHRS (14) PRINT"{CLR} {RVS} {WHT} TYPE IN FILENAME TO LO AD": INPUTNAMS: IFNAMS=" "THENRUN NS="":0PEN7,8,@,NAMS$:I NPUT#7,NS

INPUT#7,X: IFNS=""THENC LOSE7:GOTO97@

PRINT" {CLR} {HOME}

{5 DOWN}{4 SPACES}LOAD ING : {RVS}"NAMS"" FORJ=1TOX: INPUT#7,DS (J ) :NEXTJ:ZES="1" FORJ=1TOX: INPUT#7 ,ES (J ) :NEXTJ:CLOSE7:M=1:FX= G:Q=0:W=1:GOTO526

Rizwaan Ahmed Khan lives’ in Taihape, New Zealand. a JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-37

MLX

Machine Language Entry Program

MLX for Commodore 64 Ottis R. Cowper

Type in and save some copies of MLX—you'll want to use it to enter fu- ture ML programs from Gazette. When you're ready to enter an ML program, load and run MLX. It asks you for a start- ing address and an ending address. These addresses appear in the article accompanying the MLX-format pro- gram listing you're typing.

If you're unfamiliar with machine lan- guage, the addresses (and all other val- ues you enter in MLX) may appear strange. Instead of the usual decimal numbers you're accustomed to, these numbers are in hexadecimat—a base 16 numbering system commonly used by ML programmers. Hexadecimal— hex for short—includes the numerals O- 9 and the letters A-F. But even if you know nothing about ML or hex, you should have no trouble using MLX.

After you've entered the starting and ending addresses, you'll be offered the option of clearing the workspace. Choose this option if you're starting to enter a new listing. If you're continuing a listing that's partially typed from a pre- vious session, don't choose this option. A functions menu will appear. The first option in the menu is Enter Data. If you're just starting to type in a pro- gram, pick this. Press the E key and type the first number in the first line of the program listing. If you've already typed in part of a program, type the line number where you stopped typing at the end of the previous session (be sure to load the partially completed pro- gram before you resume entry). In any case, make sure the address you en- ter corresponds to the address of a line in the listing you are entering. Oth- erwise, you'll be unable to enter the da- ta correctly. If you pressed E by mis- take, you can return to the command menu by pressing Return alone when asked for the address. (You can get back to the menu from most options in the program by pressing Return with no other input.)

Entering a Listing

Once you're in Enter mode, MLX prints the address for each program line for you. You then type in all nine numbers on that line, beginning with the first two-digit number after the co- lon (:). Each line represents eight data bytes and a checksum. Although an

G-38 COMPUTE JULY 1992

MLX-format listing appears similar to the “hex dump” listings from a ma- chine language monitor program, the extra checksum number on the end al- lows MLX to check your typing.

When you enter a line, MLX recalcu- lates the checksum from the eight bytes and the address and compares this value to the number from the ninth column. If the values match, you'll hear a bell tone, the data will be add- ed to the workspace area, and the prompt for the next line of data will ap- pear. But if MLX detects a typing error, you'll hear a low buzz and see an er- ror message. The line will then be re- displayed for editing.

Invalid Characters Banned

Only a few keys are active while you're entering data, so you may have to un- learn some habits. You do not type spaces between the columns; MLX au- tomatically inserts these for you. You do not press Return after typing the last number in a line; MLX automatical- ly enters and checks the line after you type the last digit.

64 MLX Keypad

Only the numerals 0-9 and the letters A-F can be entered. If you press any other key (with some exceptions noted below), you'll hear a warning buzz. To simplify typing, a numeric keypad func- tion is included. The keypad is active only while entering data. Addresses must be entered with the normal letter and number keys. The figure below shows the keypad configuration.

MLX checks for transposed charac- ters. If you're supposed to type in AO

and instead enter OA, MLX will catch your mistake. There is one error that can slip past MLX: Because of the checksum formula used, MLX won't no- tice if you accidentally type FF in place of 00, and vice versa. And there's a very slim chance that you could garble a line and still end up with a combination of characters that adds up to the proper checksum. How- ever, these mistakes should not occur if you take care while entering data.

Editing Features

To correct typing mistakes before fin- ishing a line, use the Inst/Del key to de- lete the character to the left of the cur- sor. If you mess up a line badly, press Clr/Home to start the line over. The Re- turn key is also active, but only before any data is typed on a line. Pressing Re- turn at this point returns you to the com- mand menu. After you type a charac- ter, MLX disables Return until the cur- sor returns to the start of a line. Remem- ber, press Clr/Home to quickly get toa line-number prompt. To make correc- tions in a line that MLX has redisplayed for editing, compare the line on the screen with the one printed in the list- ing and then move the cursor to the mis- take and type the correct key. The cur- sor- left and -right keys provide the normal cursor controls. (The Inst/Del key now works as an alternative cursor- left key.) You cannot move left beyond the first character in the line. If you try to move beyond the rightmost charac- ter, you'll reenter the line. During edit- ing, Return is active; pressing it tells MLX to recheck the line. You can press the Clr/Home key to clear the en- tire line if you want to start from scratch or if you want to get to a line- number prompt to use Return to get back to the menu.

Display Data

The second menu choice, Display Da- ta, examines memory and shows the contents in the same format as the pro- gram listing (including the checksum). When you press D, MLX asks you for a starting address. Be sure that the start- ing address you give corresponds to a line number in the listing. Otherwise, the checksum display will be meaning- less. MLX displays program lines until it reaches the end of the program, at

which point the menu is redisplayed. You can pause the display by pressing the space bar. (MLX finishes printing the current line before halting.) Press the space bar again to restart the dis- play. To break out of the display and get back to the menu before the end- ing address is reached, press Return.

Other Menu Options

Two more menu selections let you save programs and load them back in- to the computer. These are Save File and Load File. When you press S or L, MLX asks you for the filename. You'll then be asked to press either D or T to select disk or tape.

You'll notice the disk drive starting and stopping several times during a load or save. This is normal behavior. MLX opens and reads from or writes to the file instead of using the usual LOAD and SAVE commands. Also note that the drive prefix 0; is added to the filename (line 750), so this should not be included when entering the name. This also precludes the use of @ for save-with-replace, so be sure to give each version saved a different name.

Remember that MLX saves the en- tire workspace area from the starting ad- dress to the ending address, so the save or load may take longer than you might expect if you've entered only a small amount of data from a long list- ing. When you're saving a partially com- pleted listing, make sure to note the ad- dress where you stopped typing.

MLX reports the standard disk or tape error messages if any problems are detected during the save or load. It also has three special load error mes- sages: INCORRECT STARTING AD- DRESS, which means the file you're try- ing to load does not have the starting address you specified when you ran MLX; LOAD ENDED AT adaress, which means the file you're trying to load ends before the ending address you specified when you started MLX; and TRUNCATED AT ENDING AD- DRESS, which means the file you're try- ing to load extends beyond the ending address you specified when you start- ed MLX. If you see one of these mes- sages and feel certain that you've load- ed the right file, exit and rerun MLX, being careful to enter the correct start-

ing and ending addresses.

The Quit menu option has the obvi- ous effect—it stops MLX and enters BA- SIC. The Run/Stop key is disabled, so the Q option lets you exit the program without turning off the computer. (Of course, Run/Stop-Restore also gets you out.) You'll be asked for verifica- tion; press Y to exit to BASIC, or press any other key to return to the menu. Af- ter quitting, you can type RUN again and reenter MLX without losing your da- ta, as long as you don't use the Clear Workspace option.

The Finished Product

When you've finished typing all the da- ta for an ML program and saved your work, you're ready for the results. Re- fer to the corresponding article for details on loading and running the program.

An Ounce of Prevention

Don't take chances—use The Automat- ic Proofreader to type the new MLX, and then test your copy thoroughly be- fore first using it to enter any significant amount of data. Make sure all the menu options work as they should. En- ter fragments of the program starting at several different addresses; then use the display option to verify that the da- ta has been entered correctly. Test the save and load options to ensure that you can recall your work from disk.

64 MLX

SS 10 REM VERSION 1.1: LINES 8 36,956 MODIFIED, LINES 4 85-487 ADDED

100 POKE 56,5@:CLR:DIM INS,

I,J,A,B,A$,BS$,A(7) ,NS

C4=48:C6=16:C7=7:22=2:2

4=254:25=255:26=256:27=

127

FA=PEEK (45) +Z6*PEEK (46)

:BS=PEEK (55) +Z6*PEEK (56

) :H$="6123456789ABCDEF"

RS=CHRS (13) :L$="{LEFT}"

:S$="_":DS=CHRS$ (26) :ZS$=

CHRS (G6) :TS="{13 RIGHT}"

SD=54272:FOR I=SD TO SD

+23:POKE I,0:NEXT:POKE

{SPACE}SD+24,15:POKE 78

8,52

PRINT" {CLR} "CHRS (142) CH

R$(8):POKE 53280,15:POK

E 53281,15

PRINT TS" {RED}{RVS}

{2 SPACES}{8 @}

EK

DM 116

CJ 126 SB 136

cQ 146

FC 158

EJ 166

FR

JB

GF

KR

PG

DR

BD

RR

BE

176

189

196

268

210

226

238

246

256 260

276

280

296

306

316

326

336

346 359

368

376

{2 SPACES}"SPC(28)" {2 SPACES}{OFF}{BLU} ML X II {RED} {RVS} {2 SPACES}"Spc(28)" {12 SPACES}{BLU}" PRINT" {3 DOWN} {3 SPACES}COMPUTE!'S MA CHINE LANGUAGE EDITOR {3 DOWN}" PRINT" {BLK}STARTING ADD RESS{4}"; : GOSUB360:SA=A D:GOSUB1646:1F F THEN18 6 PRINT" {BLK}{2 SPACES}EN DING ADDRESS{4}"; :GOSUB 300:EA=AD:GOSUB1030:1F {SPACE}F THEN190 INPUT"{3 DOWN} {BLK}CLEA R WORKSPACE [Y/N] {4}";A $:1F LEFT$(AS,1)<>"¥"TH EN220 PRINT"{2 DOWN} {BLU}WORK ING...";:FORI=BS TO BS+ EA-SA+7:POKE I,@:NEXT:P RINT"DONE" PRINTTAB(16)"{2 DOWN} {BLK}{RVS} MLX COMMAND {SPACE}MENU {DOWN}{4}": PRINT TS"{RVS}E{OFF}NTE R DATA" PRINT TS"{RVS}D{OFF}ISP LAY DATA":PRINT TS" {RVS}L{OFF}OAD FILE" PRINT TS"{RVS}S{OFF}AVE FILE":PRINT TS"{RVS}Q {OFF}UIT{2 DOWN} {BLK}" GET AS:IF AS=NS$ THEN256 A=@:FOR I=1 TO 5:IF AS= MIDS ("EDLSQ",1I,1)THEN A =I:I=5 NEXT:ON A GOTO420,610,6 96,704, 280:GOSUB1066:GO T0250 PRINT" {RVS} QUIT ":INPU T"{DOWN}{4}ARE YOU SURE [Y/N] ";AS:IF LEFTS(AS, 1) <>"Y"THEN226 POKE SD+24,9:END INS=N$:AD=G: INPUTINS: IF LEN (INS) <>4THENRETURN BS=IN$:GOSUB329:AD=A:BS =MIDS (INS,3) :GOSUB329:A D=AD*256+A: RETURN A=G:FOR J=1 TO 2:A$=MID $(B$,J,1) :B=ASC (A$) -C4+ (AS>"@") *C7:A=A*C6+B IF B<@ OR B>15 THEN AD= @:A=-1:J=2 NEXT: RETURN B=INT(A/C6):PRINT MIDS ( H$,B+1,1) ; :B=A-B*C6: PRI NT MID$(HS$,B+1,1);:RETU RN A=INT (AD/Z6) :GOSUB35@:A =AD~A*Z6:GOSUB35G: PRINT nents

era CK=INT (AD/Z6) :CK=AD-24* CK+Z5* (CK>Z7) :GOTO399

JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-39

PROGRAMS

Gc HA HD FK

GS

FX

CM

MP

KC

MX

GK

HG

Qs

PM

ac

PK

HJ

QQ

GQ G-40

386 396 496

416 426

436 446

450

460

476

486

485

486

487

496

566

516

526

536

548

556

568

578

586

599

606

CK=CK*Z2+Z5* (CK>Z7) +A CK=CK+Z5* (CK>Z5) : RETURN PRINT" {DOWN}STARTING AT {4}";:GOSUB39@:1F INS<> N$ THEN GOSUB1930:IF F {SPACE} THEN4G6 RETURN PRINT" {RVS} ENTER DATA {SPACE}":GOSUB46G:IF IN S=N$ THEN22G OPEN3,3:PRINT POKE198,@:GOSUB36G:IF F THEN PRINT INS:PRINT" {uP}{5 RIGHT}"; FOR I=@ TO 24 STEP 3:BS =SS$:FOR J=l1 TO 2:IF FT HEN BS=MIDS(INS$,I+J,1) PRINT" {RVS}"BSLS;:IF I< 24THEN PRINT" {OFF}"; GET AS:IF AS=N$ THEN476 IF (AS>"/"ANDAS<":")OR(A $>"@"ANDAS<"G") THENS46 MM) -2* (AS=",") ~ é )-4* (AS="/") -5 * (AS="5") ~6* (AS="K") A=A-7* (AS="L") -8* (AS=": ") -9* (AS="U") -15* (AS="I ")~11* (AS="0") -12* (AS=" Pp") A=A-~13* (AS=S$):IF A THE N AS=MIDS$("ABCD123E456F 6",A,1):GOTO 546 IF AS=R$ AND ((1I=G6)AND(J =1)OR F)THEN PRINT BS;: J=2:NEXT:1=24:GOTO55@ IF AS="{HOME}" THEN PRI